Holland & Barrett Lutigold Lutein capsules contain the plant-based carotenoids: lutein and zeaxanthin – the pigments in fruits and vegetables that give them a yellow or reddish hue. Lutein is not made in the body, so it can only be obtained through your diet and lutein supplements. You can get omega 3 from liquid cod liver oil or supplements such as Vitabiotics Ultra Cod Liver Oil Capsules. Ito, Y., Wakai, K., Suzuki, K., Ozasa, K., Watanabe, Y., Seki, N., Ando, M., Nishino, Y., Kondo, T., Ohno, Y., and Tamakoshi, A. Lung cancer mortality and serum levels of carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and folic acid in men and women: a case-control study nested in the JACC Study. J Epidemiol. 2005;15 Suppl 2:S140-S149. View abstract. Schweiggert, R. M., Mezger, D., Schimpf, F., Steingass, C. B., and Carle, R. Influence of chromoplast morphology on carotenoid bioaccessibility of carrot, mango, papaya, and tomato. Food Chem 12-15-2012;135(4):2736-2742. View abstract.

These are often nutritional, like capsules, tablets or gummies which contain vitamins, minerals or herbal ingredients.

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Romagnoli, C., Giannantonio, C., Cota, F., Papacci, P., Vento, G., Valente, E., Purcaro, V., and Costa, S. A prospective, randomized, double blind study comparing lutein to placebo for reducing occurrence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity. J.Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24 Suppl 1:147-150. View abstract. Loughman, J., Nolan, J. M., Howard, A. N., Connolly, E., Meagher, K., and Beatty, S. The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance using different carotenoid formulations. Invest Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2012;53(12):7871-7880. View abstract. Renzi-Hammond LM, Bovier ER, Fletcher LM, et al. Effects of a Lutein and Zeaxanthin Intervention on Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Younger Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2017;9(11):1246. View abstract. Koh HH, Murray IJ, Nolan D, et al. Plasma and macular responses to lutein supplement in subjects with and without age-related maculopathy: a pilot study. Exp Eye Res 2004;79:21-27. View abstract.

Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, et al. A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:509-16. View abstract.

Lutein for children

Snellen, E. L., Verbeek, A. L., Van Den Hoogen, G. W., Cruysberg, J. R., and Hoyng, C. B. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to antioxidant intake. Acta Ophthalmol.Scand. 2002;80(4):368-371. View abstract. Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, et al. Antioxidant intake and risk of incident age-related nuclear cataracts in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:801-9. View abstract. Johnson, E. J. A possible role for lutein and zeaxanthin in cognitive function in the elderly. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2012;96(5):1161S-1165S. View abstract. Goodman GE, Schaffer S, Omenn GS, et al. The association between lung and prostate cancer risk, and serum micronutrients: results and lessons learned from beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:518-26. View abstract. Misalnya dengan harga yang sama dan kandungan yang tidak jauh berbeda, merk A bisa memberikan vitamin jauh lebih banyak. Dengan kasus seperti ini, tidak ada salahnya untuk memilih vitamin A, karena harga yang dibayar haruslah sebanding bukan?

Chew EY, Clemons TE, SanGiovanni JP, et al. Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group. Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013;309(19):2005-2015. View abstract. Montonen J, Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A. Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:362-6. View abstract. Reboul E, Thap S, Perrot E, et al. Effect of the main dietary antioxidants (carotenoids, gamma-tocopherol, polyphenols, and vitamin C) on alpha-tocopherol absorption. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:1167-73. View abstract.Bartlett, H. E. and Eperjesi, F. Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: a randomized controlled trial. Eur.J.Clin.Nutr. 2007;61(9):1121-1127. View abstract. Ito, Y., Wakai, K., Suzuki, K., Tamakoshi, A., Seki, N., Ando, M., Nishino, Y., Kondo, T., Watanabe, Y., Ozasa, K., and Ohno, Y. Serum carotenoids and mortality from lung cancer: a case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study. Cancer Sci. 2003;94(1):57-63. View abstract. Mares-Perlman JA, Brady WE, Klein BE, et al. Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and severity of nuclear and cortical opacities. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36:276-88. View abstract.