Pope John XXIII (9 April 1962). "Suburbicariis sedibus" (in Latin). Libreria Editrice Vaticana . Retrieved 2 November 2017.

Additionally, canon law gives cardinals the faculty of hearing confessions validly and licitly everywhere, whereas other priests and bishops must be granted this faculty and might be restricted in its use by the local bishop. [69] See also [ edit ] The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the kings of France, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and France, to nominate one of their trusted clerical subjects to be created cardinal, a so-called " crown-cardinal". [7] John Abel Nainfa (1909). Costume of Prelates of the Catholic Church: According to Roman Etiquette. Baltimore-New York: John Murphy Company. p. 107. . The new cardinal had to pay for the ring, in exchange for which he received the right to make his own Last Will and Testament.

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Pastor Bonus, – John Paul II – Apostolic Constitution (June 28, 1988) – John Paul II". www.vatican.va. Jorge Medina (24 February 2005– 23 February 2007*); announced election of Pope Benedict XVI ( 2005)

Is it incorrect to suggest that bishops wear purple in imitation of the sufferings of Jesus, or that cardinals wear red in witness of their willingness to die for the Faith? No, certainly not, but these pious explanations came centuries after the colors actually began to be worn by bishops and cardinals. Perhaps not the original reasons for selecting these colors, they are today the reasons these colors remain in use. Pope Paul VI (11 February 1965). "Ad purpuratorum Patrum". Libreria Editrice Vaticana . Retrieved 3 December 2017. ] Boudinhon, Auguste (1911). "Cardinal". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (11thed.). Cambridge University Press.John XXIII (10 March 1961). "Ad Suburbicarias Dioeceses" (in Latin). Libreria Editrice Vaticana . Retrieved 5 March 2021. John P. Beal, New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law (Paulist Press 2000 ISBN 978-0-80910502-1), p. 468. Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate a b c Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). "Cardinal". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Hollingswirth, Mary, Miles Pattenden and Arnold Witte, eds (2020), A Companion to the Early Modern Cardinal. Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-41544-7