Each Kirkland lactase caplet contains 9,000 ALU (lactase units), which is about the amount needed to digest the lactose in 4.5 cups of milk. Compared to other products that contain 3,000 ALU, Kirkland lactase caplets fit the bill for “extra strength” and are suitable for most lactose-containing meals. When taken at the start of eating, the supplement offers a fast hit of lactase to help digest milk sugar that would otherwise be inadequately digested. Tully PS, ed. (2000). "Sulfonic Acids". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi: 10.1002/0471238961.1921120620211212.a01. ISBN 978-0471238966. Most of these side effects are typically mild and will disappear once you stop taking bile salts. However, if you experience severe or persistent symptoms, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional.

Prescription enzymes differ from over-the-counter products in that they offer much higher doses of enzymes that are standardized (precisely controlled) and regulated by the FDA. Match dosage to food portions: Digestive enzymes have a dose-response relationship to the nutrient they target. For a product to be effective, the dose of the enzyme should be enough to match the amount of the food. Products that are blends of multiple enzymes tend to contain smaller amounts of individual enzymes compared to products that offer a single enzyme. Tanaka A. Current understanding of primary biliary cholangitis. Clinical and Molecular Hepatology. 2021; doi:10.3350/cmh.2020.0028. Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., brometone, chlorobutanol (chloretone), ethanol (alcohol), tert-butanol (2M2P), tribromoethanol, trichloroethanol, trifluoroethanol)Those that are pregnant, lactating, have a preexisting medical condition or those taking any medications should consult a healthcare professional before taking any digestive enzymes. Individuals without a gallbladder can benefit greatly from ox bile to support digestive function and nutrient absorption. a b EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (2012). "Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of taurine as a feed additive for all animal species". EFSA Journal. 10 (6): 2736. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2736. Symptoms, including sluggish digestion, feeling heavy after meals, abdominal pain, bloating, and belching, can indicate bile salts deficiency. Balanced thyroid hormone levels promote metabolic health, regulate energy-making processes and body temperature and maintain digestive and muscle function.

Weak bones (osteoporosis). People with primary biliary cholangitis have an increased risk of weak, brittle bones that may break more easily. Primary biliary cholangitis, previously called primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic disease in which the bile ducts in your liver are slowly destroyed. Digestive enzyme dosage is not standardized across products, and many enzymes do not have research-based guidelines. However, of the enzymes that have been studied in human digestion, the following dosages have been shown to improve symptoms: Taurine And Its Importance In Cat Foods". Iams Cat Nutrition Library. 2004. Archived from the original on 2006-10-19 . Retrieved 2006-08-22. Corpechot C, et al. New treatments/targets for primary biliary cholangitis. JHEP Reports. 2019; doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.05.005.

In 1993, about 5,000–6,000tonnes of taurine were produced for commercial purposes: 50% for pet food and 50% in pharmaceutical applications. [12] As of 2010, China alone has more than 40 manufacturers of taurine. Most of these enterprises employ the ethanolamine method to produce a total annual production of about 3,000tonnes. [13] It is essential to carefully read the ingredient list and nutrition facts panel of a supplement to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included relative to the recommended daily value of that ingredient. Please bring the supplement label to your healthcare provider to review the different ingredients contained in the supplement and any potential interactions between these ingredients and other supplements and medications you are taking. Taurine occurs naturally in fish and meat. [5] [19] [20] The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58mg (range from 9–372mg), [21] and to be low or negligible from a vegan diet. [5] Typical taurine consumption in the American diet is about 123–178 mg per day. [5] We highly recommend the Vital Nutrients Pancreatin and Ox Bile Extract supplement for individuals looking to improve their digestive health. Additionally, some digestive enzymes can cause adverse side effects when taken in excess. For example, papain can cause esophageal perforation at high doses.