A headphone is so much more than just a medium for media consumption. It is an extension of one’s personality. From a luxury to a necessity, one cannot deny the need to have at least one pair of headphones today. Headphones have a special place in every music lover's life. Yes, wireless headphones and earbuds had been around before 2015 (Bluetooth technology had been in use for about 10 years by that point,) but they weren’t entirely wire less. Sure, headphones didn’t have a wire to the audio source, but they did have a wire connecting each earpiece. Headphone size can affect the balance between fidelity and portability. Generally, headphone form factors can be divided into four separate categories: circumaural (over-ear), supra-aural (on-ear), earbud and in-ear.

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Headphones started with phone operators - It was a single earpiece that rested on the user’s shoulder and weighed over 10 pounds. Audiometers and headphones must be calibrated together. During the calibration process, the output signal from the audiometer to the headphones is measured with a sound level meter to ensure that the signal is accurate to the reading on the audiometer for sound pressure level and frequency. Calibration is done with the earphones in an acoustic coupler that is intended to mimic the transfer function of the outer ear. Because specific headphones are used in the initial audiometer calibration process, they cannot be replaced with any other set of headphones, even from the same make and model. [31] Electrical characteristics It might seem crazy to think of today, but what if the headphones of the future looked more like hearing aids – more of a permanent device than one we carry around with us and have to put on and take off? Headphones grew out of the need to free up a person's hands when operating a telephone. [7] By the 1880s, soon after the invention of the telephone, telephone switchboard operators began to use head apparatuses to mount the telephone receiver. [8] The receiver was mounted on the head by a clamp which held it next to the ear. [9] The head mount freed the switchboard operator's hands, so that he could easily connect the wires of the telephone callers and receivers. [10] The head-mounted telephone receiver in the singular form was called a "headphone". [11] [12] These head-mounted phone receivers, unlike modern headphones, only had one earpiece. [13]

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The use of bone conduction for hearing has been understood for decades. In fact, even Beethoven reportedly used bone conduction when he lost his hearing. But it wasn’t until 1994 that Werner Bottesch patented the first bone conduction headphones. Other than hearing risk, there is a general danger that listening to loud music in headphones can distract the listener and lead to injury and accidents. [61] [62] Noise-cancelling headphones add extra risk. Several countries and states have made it illegal to wear headphones while driving or cycling. [41]

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a b c Ha, Peter (26 April 2010). "Earbud Review: Best Headphones for Price, Hearing Safety - TIME". TIME.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013 . Retrieved 21 July 2015. Marketed claims such as 'frequency response 4Hz to 20kHz' are usually overstatements; the product's response at frequencies lower than 20Hz is typically very small. [50] Nowadays, there are many ways to listen to music with friends online. But what about 100+ years ago, before even the radio was invented? Enter the Electrophone. Joel, Amos E. (1975). A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: The early years (1875-1925). The Laboratories. ISBN 9780608080666. Around the same time, the brand STAX invented the first electrostatic headphones, the SR-1. They were the ultimate clarity headphones for then; absolutely unmatched.Dr. Amar Bose developed the first noise-cancelling headphones in 1989. He was inspired by the fact that people were beginning to travel more than ever before, even by plane, making noise isolation/cancellation a necessary feature. The headphones weren’t a huge success at first, certainly not as big as they are now, but frequent flyers/travelers were grateful to Mr. Bose. 1990s Despite the fact that neither of these products was very successful, these moments are extremely important to remember in terms of headphone development as these companies set the trends and values of headphone production that led to the status they have today. The History of Headphones – Historical Changes 1958 Writer, Anonymous (October 1903). Behind the scenes at "Central". pp.390–401. For the first week she does nothing but attach her headphone to an experienced operator's position and listen. [pp. 401] {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help) After their huge success among consumers, more manufacturers and brands have come up with their own versions of AirPods, with some even copying their style outright. 2020 and Beyond: The Future of Headphones Futuristic Robot. (From: Pexels.com/Alex Knight)

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Smaller earbud type earpieces, which plugged into the user's ear canal, were first developed for hearing aids. They became widely used with transistor radios, which commercially appeared in 1954 with the introduction of the Regency TR-1. The most popular audio device in history, the transistor radio changed listening habits, allowing people to listen to radio anywhere. The earbud uses either a moving iron driver or a piezoelectric crystal to produce sound. The 3.5mm radio and phone connector, which is the most commonly used in portable application today, has been used at least since the Sony EFM-117J transistor radio, which was released in 1964. [27] [28] Its popularity was reinforced with its use on the Walkman portable tape player in 1979.

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US 4460809A,Henri Bondar,"Process and device for converting a periodic LF electric voltage into sound waves" As with many innovative headphone technologies, bone conduction was initially used for the military.

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Some studies have found that people are more likely to raise volumes to unsafe levels while performing strenuous exercise. [59] A Finnish study [60] recommended that exercisers should set their headphone volumes to half of their normal loudness and only use them for half an hour. Headphones: The Ultimate buying guide - Hi-fidelity headphones". StereoCompare. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07 . Retrieved 2016-03-03. In 1891, a French engineer named Ernest Mercadier patented what he called a “bi-telephone”. This would prove to be the first recorded version of in-ear headphones. Electrostatic drivers consist of a thin, electrically charged diaphragm, typically a coated PET film membrane, suspended between two perforated metal plates (electrodes). The electrical sound signal is applied to the electrodes creating an electrical field; depending on the polarity of this field, the diaphragm is drawn towards one of the plates. Air is forced through the perforations; combined with a continuously changing electrical signal driving the membrane, a sound wave is generated. Electrostatic headphones are usually more expensive than moving-coil ones, and are comparatively uncommon. In addition, a special amplifier is required to amplify the signal to deflect the membrane, which often requires electrical potentials in the range of 100 to 1,000volts.Unwanted sound from the environment can be reduced by excluding sound from the ear by passive noise isolation, or, often in conjunction with isolation, by active noise cancellation. Engber, Daniel (16 May 2014). "Who Made That Earbud?". The New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Yang Wei; Xiaoyang Lin; Kaili Jiang; Peng Liu; Qunqing Li; Shoushan Fan (2013). "Thermoacoustic Chips with Carbon Nanotube Thin Yarn Arrays". Nano Letters. 13 (10): 4795–801. Bibcode: 2013NanoL..13.4795W. doi: 10.1021/nl402408j. PMID 24041369.