Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in Subarea 6 and divisions 7.a-c and 7.f-k (West of Scotland. southern Celtic Seas) Sustainable fisheries help to ensure our marine ecosystems remain diverse and resilient, providing a long-term and viable fishing industry.

Unlike friends my age who just complained about ageing, I decided to do something about it,” Jane says. “I flew to Poland and had a face-lift with a company called Secret Surgery. Like other large predators, swordfish contain high levels of mercury, so you should not consume swordfish in high quantities. That said, swordfish possess a mild taste and meaty texture, which makes it appealing to some people who don’t usually enjoy eating fish.Fish may lay eggs, ie be oviparous, or give birth to live young. Those species which give birth to live young can be further divided into the truly viviparous species, in which the developing embryos are supplied with nutrients by the mother, and ovoviviparous species, in which there is egg retention but no additional nutrient supply from the mother. Fecundity of the fish is closely related to the fish length and weight. A straight line relationship has been observed between the fecundity and the fish length, and the fecundity and fish weight in a number of species. As a 30-something, I ate healthily and exercised. It was an investment in my future. I am still fit and healthy now, while I have friends complaining about their aches and pains.” Studies on the GSI and histology of the ovary in snow carp ( Schizothorax plagiostomus) show that this fish spawns twice in a year (Shrestha and Khanna, 1979), in this species the first spawning occurs from mid-September to October. During winter, the fish carries mature as well as immature oocytes in dormant phase, and second spawning takes place in March on the return of favourable conditions of temperature, rainfall, pH etc. Adult swordfish have few natural predators except for orcas and humans. Juvenile swordfish are frequently eaten by sharks, marlins, tuna, and sailfish.

By studying the relationships between fecundity (the number of eggs produced per female), egg size and degree of parental care it is possible to make some generalisations about reproductive patterns in fish ( Tables 9.1 and 9.2). Thus, it can be said that the following general principles appear to apply. The world record for the largest swordfish ever caught belongs to a 1,182-pound specimen caught in 1953 off the coast of Chile.https://moat.cefas.co.uk/pressures-from-human-activities/commercial-fish-and-shellfish/reproductive-capacity/ Whiting (Merlangius merlangus) in divisions 7.b-c and 7.e-k (southern Celtic Seas and eastern English Channel) The fecundity of a number of species has been studied by several investigators. Fecundity of Cirrhina mrigala varies from 75,900 to 11, 23,200 when the length ranges from 349 – 810mm in length (Hanumantha Rao, 1974). In Labeo gonius ranging between 270 – 490mm, the fecundity varies from 47,168 to 3,80,714 (Joshi and Khanna, 1981), but according to Chondar (1970) the values are 2,73,955 to 5,39,168 in the fish ranging from 270 – 490mm in length. The differences in the values are possibly due to the collection from different habitats.

And the widowed mum of three is adamant that her age isn’t a barrier to dressing like someone decades younger. In Cottidae, the genital papillae are enlarged to from the penis in the male. Wiesel (1949) has described erection tissue in the genital papillae of both males and females. In Apogon imberbis, the female has elongated genital papillae, which is introduced in the male for receiving the sperms (Garnaud, 1950). Female Rhodeus has a much elongated genital papilla, to transfer the eggs into the shell of bivalve Anodonta where they are fertilised by the sperm shed in water and develop inside the shell. Seasonal changes in the ovaries of teleosts have been studied histologically as well as by measuring ova diameter, and with help of gonadosomatic index. The values of condition factor are useful in fishery investigations, and can be used to express the relative health or robustness of the fishes. The values of K differ with the season and are influenced by maturity of gonads and spawning. The condition factor is maximum during the spawning season. Ovulation and fertilisation

Sexual dimorphism, courtship and parental care

Intraspecific variations in fecundity and egg size may also be related to the time of spawning. For example, it is frequently reported that fish spawning late in the season tend to produce smaller eggs than do early spawners. Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in Division 6.a. Functional Unit 11 (West of Scotland. North Minch) Most of the fishes exhibit seasonal cycle in the production of gametes. The expulsion of gametes from the body into the surrounding water is called "spawning" resulting in fertilisation. Fish spawns during a specified periods of the year which coincides with the several environmental factors that are available during the said period only. The entire period during which the gonads attain full maturity and spawning takes place in the population is called the breeding season of the species.

I suppose I should be wearing a comfortable cardigan and some flat, sensible shoes. But where would be the fun in that?” she says. However, she does not act like a dominatrix in the bedroom, confessing: "I'd be hopeless, continually asking, 'Oh dear, does that hurt? I'm so sorry'. Maybe I'm just too innocent.

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Many investigators are of the view that these structures do not correspond to corpora lutea of mammalian ovary. Recently Chieffi (1961, 62, 67) has produced histochemical evidence in support of an endocrine function of the corpora lutea in elasmobranches. The discharged follicle (post-ovulatory corpus luteum) The atrectic follicle is richly vascular. The zona radiata becomes broken and disappears, while the granulose cells become vacuolar and digest the yolk. Ultimately, the area occupied by the oocyte, is filled with a loose mass of follicular cells which possess yellow or orange granules. As the yolk is consumed, the follicular cells collapse, shrink and disappear. The follicular cells generally have indefinite cell outgrowth and digest the yolk by active phagocytosis. Young oocytes also undergo atresia, but this is rare. In a few oocytes, the hypertrophy of the follicular cells is confirmed to one point, so that a structure referred to as "cell pearl" is formed. Non-hypertrophic atresia