Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997. Head, John W. (November 25, 2016). International Law and Agroecological Husbandry: Building legal foundations for a new agriculture. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-44650-9. mealie, n.". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

how domestication could have proceeded without leaving remains of teosinte or maize with teosintoid traits earlier than the earliest known until recently, dating from ca. 1100 BC. a b c d e Ostrý, Vladimír; Malíř, František; Pfohl-Leszkowicz, Annie (2015). "Comparative data concerning aflatoxin contents in Bt maize and non-Bt isogenic maize in relation to human and animal health – a review". Acta Veterinaria Brno. 84 (1): 47–53. doi: 10.2754/avb201585010047. Birchler, James A.; Han, Fangpu (December 1, 2009). "Maize Centromeres: Structure, Function, Epigenetics". Annual Review of Genetics. 43 (1): 287–303. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134834. PMID 19689211. Semagn, Kassa; Babu, Raman; Hearne, Sarah; Olsen, Michael (2013). "Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP): overview of the technology and its application in crop improvement". Molecular Breeding. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 33 (1): 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s11032-013-9917-x. ISSN 1380-3743. S2CID 14272035. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement at Huazhong Agricultural University. Since the 1940s, the best strains of maize have been first-generation hybrids made from inbred strains that have been optimized for specific traits, such as yield, nutrition, drought, pest and disease tolerance. Both conventional cross-breeding and genetic engineering have succeeded in increasing output and reducing the need for cropland, pesticides, water and fertilizer. [94] There is conflicting evidence to support the hypothesis that maize yield potential has increased over the past few decades. This suggests that changes in yield potential are associated with leaf angle, lodging resistance, tolerance of high plant density, disease/pest tolerance, and other agronomic traits rather than increase of yield potential per individual plant. [95]Heuzé V., Tran G., Edouard N., Lebas F., 2017. Maize green forage. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/358 Last updated on June 21, 2017, 10:16

Mămăligă with milk (usually, of cow, but also of sheep or goat), as the first course, and mămăligă with cheese and sour cream (or yoghurt), with a touch of salt (if preferred), as the second course – Romanian dishes for the poor, served usually on Friday and at lunch maíz". Diccionario de la lengua española - Edición del Tricentenario (in Spanish) . Retrieved January 14, 2023. The teosinte origin theory was proposed by the Russian botanist Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov in 1931 and the later American Nobel Prize-winner George Beadle in 1932. [109] :10 It is supported experimentally and by recent studies of the plants' genomes. Teosinte and maize can cross-breed and produce fertile offspring. A number of questions remain concerning the species, among them: A biomass gasification power plant in Strem near Güssing, Burgenland, Austria, began in 2005. There is potential that diesel can be created from the biogas by the Fischer Tropsch method. [156]

Karl, J.R. (January 2012). "The Maximum Leaf Number of the Maize Subspecies" (PDF). The Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter. 86: 4. ISSN 1090-4573. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016 . Retrieved July 5, 2013. Pagán-Jiménez, Jaime R.; Guachamín-Tello, Ana M.; Romero-Bastidas, Martha E.; Constantine-Castro, Angelo R. (June 2016). "Late ninth millennium B.P. use of Zea mays L. at Cubilán area, highland Ecuador, revealed by ancient starches". Quaternary International. 404: 137–155. Bibcode: 2016QuInt.404..137P. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.025. An 2002 study by Matsuoka et al.. has demonstrated that, rather than the multiple independent domestications model, all maize arose from a single domestication in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago. The study also demonstrated that the oldest surviving maize types are those of the Mexican highlands. Later, maize spread from this region over the Americas along two major paths. This is consistent with a model based on the archaeological record suggesting that maize diversified in the highlands of Mexico before spreading to the lowlands. [15] [16] Smith, C. Wayne; Betrán, Javier; Runge, Edward C. A. (March 8, 2004). Corn: Origin, History, Technology, and Production. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-41184-0.