In October 2023, biologists reported studies of animals (over 1,500 different species) that found same-sex behavior (not necessarily related to human orientation) may help improve social stability by reducing conflict within the groups studied. [10] [11] In relation to humans Applying the term homosexual to animals In March 2011, research showed that serotonin is involved in the mechanism of sexual orientation of mice. [36] [37] A study conducted on fruit flies found that inhibiting the dopamine neurotransmitter inhibited lab-induced homosexual behavior. [38] Other hypotheses Barash DP (1973). "The Social Biology of the Olympic Marmot". Animal Behaviour Monographs. 6 (3): 171–245. doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(73)90002-X. Perkins A, Fitzgerald JA, Price EO (July 1992). "Luteinizing hormone and testosterone response of sexually active and inactive rams". Journal of Animal Science. 70 (7): 2086–93. doi: 10.2527/1992.7072086x. PMID 1644682. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017 . Retrieved 7 July 2015.

Wells RS (1995). "Community structure of Bottlenose Dolphins near Sarasota, Florida". Paper presented at the 24th International Ethological Conference, Honoluly, Hawaii. Utzeri C, Belfiore C (1990). "Anomalous tandems in Odonata". Fragmenta Entomologica. 22 (2): 271–288.Selim J (28 April 2006). "Top Dogs: Steroid hormones give hyenas a head start". Discover Magazine . Retrieved 11 September 2007.

a b Smith D (7 February 2004). "Love That Dare Not Squeak Its Name". The New York Times . Retrieved 10 September 2007. Monk, Julia (2019). "An alternative hypothesis for the evolution of same-sex sexual behaviour in animals". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (12): 1622–1631. doi: 10.1038/s41559-019-1019-7. PMID 31740842. S2CID 208144026 . Retrieved 3 December 2021.To humans, humping in public is considered a big no-no. So when our dogs start mounting each other in public, it can cause us to feel embarrassed and confused about why our beloved fur babies are engaging in such uncouth behavior. Moeliker CW (9 November 2001). "The First Case of Homosexual Necrophilia in the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (Aves: Anatidae)" (PDF). Deinsea. 8 (2001): 243–247 . Retrieved 6 October 2014. a b Roselli CE, Stormshak F (March 2009). "Prenatal programming of sexual partner preference: the ram model". Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 21 (4): 359–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01828.x. PMC 2668810. PMID 19207819. Elmér M, Nørgaard JP, Djurhuus JC, Adolfsson T (May 1988). "Terodiline in the treatment of diurnal enuresis in children". Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. 6 (2): 119–24. doi: 10.3109/02813438809009301. PMID 3291041.

Treatment typically involves castration (removal of the testicles). At best feminization syndrome can be reversed or sometimes only halted. The prognosis for most dogs is very good if the tumour is identified and treated before it has had a chance to spread. So, can dogs be gay? Anna Wilson (Spring 2003). "Sexing the Hyena: Intraspecies Readings of the Female Phallus". Signs. University of Chicago Press. 28 (3): 755–790. doi: 10.1086/345320. S2CID 146640802.We obviously can’t communicate with dogs well enough to illuminate such topics, so it is difficult to distinguish between an animal that has a long-term preference for same-sex individuals, versus a heterosexual animal that engages in a homosexual activity.