Some species of oak can be particularly dense resulting in difficulties in the adhesive penetrating the surface. In such instances, the surface should be removed by sanding to open the pores of the timber and double spreading may prove necessary to ensure both surfaces have sufficiently “wetted” out. Difficult Timber

Mixing by weight is recommended, at a ratio of 2 parts Cascamite powder to 1 part water, stirring continuously until all powder is dissolved Add Cascamite powder to water, stirring rapidly until the powder dissolves (I prefer my method above as I have found this method promotes separation of the powder and water) Very simple to make by adding some fine sanding dust of the wood species you are using. When I finish a project I collect the dust with a hand vac and put in a Kilner jar. I use three species for filling: Pine, Oak, and Walnut. What makes it good for filling is that it is very hard when set and can be sanded to a fine finish. Casting with Cascamite Urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives feature a low effective cost, low cure temperatures, resistance to microorganisms and abrasion, and light color. It does not creep, and can be repaired with epoxy. It can rapidly deteriorate in hot, moist environments, releasing formaldehyde (a carcinogen). [9] [10] [11] Supplied as a fine white powder which is mixed with half its weight of cold water for use. Mixed adhesive remains usable for around three hours depending on temperature. Providing it is kept dry, un-used powder has a shelf-life of up to a year. The adhesive has the ability to fill gaps between ill-fitting components. A popular brand is Cascamite. [12]If the glue is flexible and bendy then the glue hasn’t cured but you can probably release the clamps.

Yoo, Chang Geun; Meng, Xianzhi; Pu, Yunqiao; Ragauskas, Arthur J. (April 2020). "The critical role of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass conversion and recent pretreatment strategies: A comprehensive review". Bioresource Technology. 301: 122784. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122784. ISSN 0960-8524. Cascamite is the best-known brand of powdered resin wood glue but what is it? Cascamite is sometimes referred to as UF but it’s technical chemical name is Urea Formaldehyde . This powdered resin is activated when mixed with water yet once set it is waterproof making an ideal glue for exterior use. Powdered resin wood glue is also known as Urea-Methanol, either way, Cascamite is a known carcinogen so dust masks while mixing are essential. Remember Oak dust is also a Carcinogen so care needs to be taken when working with any form of dust. What else is UF glue used for? Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin glue is very strong and durable (resisting immersion in boiling water, mild acids, salt water, solvents, mold, fungus, ultraviolet, etc.). Historically, it was the dominant glue in exterior grade plywood manufacture and the production of wooden aircraft. It must be mixed before use (liquid resin and powdered catalyst), is toxic, [14] and has a dark purple cured color, which may not be acceptable in some uses. For many years, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has stated that "Resorcinol is the only known adhesive recommended and approved for use in wooden aircraft structure and fully meets necessary strength and durability requirements" [9] for certificated aircraft. However, in fact the vast majority of wooden aircraft built in recent decades (mostly amateur-built aircraft) instead use other types of adhesives [ citation needed] (primarily epoxy resin systems), which offer greater strength and, even more importantly, much less criticality in perfect application technique. Most newer adhesives are much more tolerant to typical construction mistakes (such as small gaps or misalignments between parts) than resorcinol, which offers virtually no tolerance for such everyday construction situations. This can pose major difficulties, especially in complex assemblies. Resorcinol is, however, still used by some builders/restorers, and is commonly seen in vintage aircraft. We use old yoghurt pots as our chosen vessel for mixing powdered resin wood glue. You can buy reusable mixing vessels but a yoghurt pot will do just fine. Mixing Paddle for Mixing the Glue Push the two pieces together, rubbing the surfaces from side to side. This will ensure that air is not trapped and that the glue has been spread evenly.

Cascamite Datasheet by Polyvine

You can add up to 20% extra water but can only be added at the mixing stage. Adding water once the glue starts it’s chemical reaction will result in the glue curdling. What do I need to mix Cascamite? Cascamite powdered resin wood glue makes an excellent wood filler. You may have experienced the use of PVA glue mixed with sawdust as a wood filler. PVA based wood filler is a poor substitute for a cascamite based easy sand filler. The information supplied herein is accurate to the best if our knowledge. Since conditions and methods are beyond our control, no warranty is expressed or implied. You are advised to access the suitability of the product on a test area before application Datasheet produced by

hours at 15`CAt higher temperatures the usable life is reduced and in hot weather, it is advisable to mix only sufficient glue for immediate use (standing the mixing vessel in cold water will help prevent shortening of the usable life). APPLICATION Marks, David J. (September–October 2007). "Working with Urea Formaldehyde Glues". Woodworker West. Archived from the original on 2011-07-10.

Why Have I Chosen Cascamite instead of Titebond or other PVA Glues?

Preparing lignin-based wood adhesives from lignocellulosic biomass promotes the use of green adhesives and contributes to the development of profitable biorefining schemes. It is a significant advancement in the field of sustainable adhesive technology and has the potential to impact the plywood manufacturing industry positively.

There is no doubt for me but I believe Cascamite is the best exterior wood glue available. If you really want a quality PVA then Titebond Ultimateis a good option that does not require mixing. Are Powdered Resin Wood Glues Waterproof? Lan, Wu; Amiri, Masoud Talebi; Hunston, Christopher M.; Luterbacher, Jeremy S. (2018-01-10). "Protection Group Effects During α,γ‐Diol Lignin Stabilization Promote High‐Selectivity Monomer Production". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (5): 1356–1360. doi: 10.1002/anie.201710838. ISSN 1433-7851. NOTE: -At temperatures below 1 10C (5OF), a period of up to 2 or 3 days may be required before the glue sets. During cold weather, it is therefore essential that joints under pressure be kept in a warm place. Gel Time

In lignocellulosic biomass, lignin acts as a glue that provides strength to cell walls by effectively binding cellulose and hemicelluloses together. [18] Milled wood lignin(MWL), formaldehyde-protected lignin (FPL) and acetone-protected lignin adhesives that were prepared with lignins separated under either mild conditions or protection by aldehyde or ketone demonstrated reasonable bonding strengths after hot pressing at 190 °C and 1.5 MPa for 8 min; both the dry and wet adhesion strengths met the minimum requirement of 0.7 MPa. From the results, the slightly condensed or protected lignins from different sources could be directly used as wood adhesives without additional physical or chemical treatments. [19] Adhesion performance of these adhesives improved with reduced condensation degrees and increased with higher hot-pressing temperatures. Multilayer plywood products using lignin adhesives met the mechanical requirements for applications in various fields. [19] [20] Use a plastic spreader or a brush to spread the glue across the surfaces of both pieces. The glue should be spread thinly. Clean up any spills with a damp cloth. Oily timbers, such as teak, present problems with the “oils” inhibiting a satisfactory bond. (alcohol helps prep oily surfaces before glueing removing some of the surface oil) Degreasing Cascamite” is a brand name used for a powder urea formaldehyde resin adhesive, and it became synonomous with any adhesive which met this specification, i.e. a one component powder urea formaldehyde resin. In recent times, they have become more commonly known as a “One Shot” adhesive. These adhesives are commonly used in wood working application for veneering, laminating and joint bonding.