a b c d Burn, Lucilla (2004). Hellenistic Art: From Alexander the Great to Augustus. London: The British Museum Press. pp.10–11. ISBN 978-0-89236-776-4 . Retrieved 15 December 2017. Philostratus the Athenian, Vita Apollonii, book 2, chapter 12". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021 . Retrieved 20 February 2021. Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990). A History of Macedonia. Translated by Catherine Errington. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06319-8.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Anabasis of Alexander, by Arrian". www.gutenberg.org. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018 . Retrieved 11 January 2018. Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 14 November 2009.

Overview

Green argues that there is little evidence in ancient sources that Alexander had much carnal interest in women; he did not produce an heir until the very end of his life. [218] However, Ogden calculates that Alexander, who impregnated his partners thrice in eight years, had a higher matrimonial record than his father at the same age. [253] Two of these pregnancies — Stateira's and Barsine's — are of dubious legitimacy. [254] Nicolle, David (2000). Constantinople 1453: The End of Byzantium. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-091-9.

The end of Persia". Livius. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016 . Retrieved 16 November 2009. At Issus in 333 BC, his first confrontation with Darius, he used the same deployment, and again the central phalanx pushed through. [201] Alexander personally led the charge in the center, routing the opposing army. [202] At the decisive encounter with Darius at Gaugamela, Darius equipped his chariots with scythes on the wheels to break up the phalanx and equipped his cavalry with pikes. Alexander arranged a double phalanx, with the center advancing at an angle, parting when the chariots bore down and then reforming. The advance was successful and broke Darius's center, causing the latter to flee once again. [201] Perdiccas initially did not claim power, instead suggesting that Roxane's baby would be king, if male, with himself, Craterus, Leonnatus, and Antipater as guardians. However, the infantry, under the command of Meleager, rejected this arrangement since they had been excluded from the discussion. Instead, they supported Alexander's half-brother Philip Arrhidaeus. Eventually, the two sides reconciled, and after the birth of Alexander IV, he and Philip III were appointed joint kings, albeit in name only. [190] Durant, Will (1966). The Story of Civilization: The Life of Greece. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-41800-7. David George Hogarth (1897). Philip and Alexander of Macedon: two essays in biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp.286–287 . Retrieved 9 November 2021.Curtius Rufus, a Roman historian from the first century AD, who wrote the Histories of Alexander the Great, gives this account of Alexander sitting on the throne of Darius III:

Green, Peter (1991). "Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age (Hellenistic Culture and Society)". The American Historical Review. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1. doi: 10.1086/ahr/96.5.1515. Webb, Peter (2013). "The Hajj before Muhammad: Journeys to Mecca in Muslim Narratives of Pre-Islamic History". In Porter, Venetia; Saif, Liana (eds.). The Hajj: collected essays. London: The British Museum. pp.14 footnote 72. ISBN 978-0-86159-193-0. OCLC 857109543. Arrian and Plutarch claimed that Alexander was speechless by this point, implying that this was an apocryphal story. [189] Diodorus, Curtius and Justin offered the more plausible story that Alexander passed his signet ring to Perdiccas, a bodyguard and leader of the companion cavalry, in front of witnesses, thereby nominating him. [153] [187] The trilogy "Alexander the Great" by Valerio Massimo Manfredi consisting of "The son of the dream", "The sand of Amon", and "The ends of the world".

Group Tour

Kennedy, Hugh (2012). "Journey to Mecca: A History". In Porter, Venetia (ed.). Hajj: journey to the heart of Islam. Cambridge, Mass.: The British Museum. p.131. ISBN 978-0-674-06218-4. OCLC 709670348. Donde, Dipanwita (2014). "The Mughal Sikander: Influence of the Romance of Alexander on Mughal Manuscript Painting". International Conference of Greek Studies: An Asian Perspective. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021 . Retrieved 19 April 2019– via Academia. Christides, Giorgos (22 September 2014). "Greeks captivated by Alexander-era tomb at Amphipolis". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014 . Retrieved 21 June 2018. Bieber, M (1965). "The Portraits of Alexander". Greece & Rome. Second Series. 12 (2): 183–88. doi: 10.1017/s0017383500015345. S2CID 163858858.