Lorenzo, DiTommaso (November 1992). "History and Historical Effect in Frank Herbert's Dune". Science Fiction Studies. DePauw University. pp.311–325. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012 . Retrieved July 21, 2009. The environment of the desert planet Arrakis is similar to the Middle East, particularly the Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf, as well as Mexico. The novel also contains references to the petroleum industries in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf as well as Mexico. [104] The Fremen people of Arrakis were influenced by the Bedouin tribes of Arabia, and the Mahdi prophecy originates from Islamic eschatology. [105] Inspiration is also adopted from medieval historian Ibn Khaldun's cyclical history and his dynastic concept in North Africa, hinted by Herbert's reference to Khaldun's book Kitāb al-ʿibar ("The Book of Lessons") as known among the Fremen. [106] [107] Additional linguistic and historic influences [ edit ] O'Reilly, Tim. "Chapter 3: From Concept to Fable". Frank Herbert. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012 . Retrieved December 27, 2019. The Bene Gesserit are shown to practice "religious engineering" through the Missionaria Protectiva, which spreads contrived myths, prophecies and superstition on primitive worlds so that the Sisterhood may later exploit those regions. [119] Herbert suggests a process of wish-fulfilling recognition of "sacred" texts created by the Bene Gesserit's master plan in a particular person, and transforming events into common belief. [120] In the novels, the Fremen religion on Arrakis has been thus influenced, allowing Paul to embody their prophesied messiah. [121] Paul is agonized by visions of terrible jihad which will destroy the Imperium, but he becomes Paul Muad'Dib, Mahdi of the Fremen, accepting the role imposed by Bene Gesserit. A new religion sweeps Paul to power. [95]

Although the cover art for the three individual graphic novels stand alone, when pieced together they form one large triptych image. The cover was designed by Bill Sienkewicz, whilst the interiors are provided by Raul Ayan and Patritia Martin. Hammond, Joseph (October 18, 2021). " Dune novels draw on Islamic motifs and have in turn inspired Muslim artists". Religion News Service. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on November 6, 2021 . Retrieved October 31, 2021. Review: Emperor: Battle for Dune (2001)". Guru3D.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010 . Retrieved March 17, 2010. Herbert died in 1986, [16] [17] leaving his vision of the events of the Butlerian Jihad unexplored and open to speculation. [10] The Legends of Dune prequel trilogy (2002–2004) by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson presents the Jihad as a war between humans and the sentient machines they had created, who rise up and nearly destroy humanity. [18] The series explains that humanity had become entirely complacent and dependent upon thinking machines; recognizing this weakness, a group of ambitious, militant humans calling themselves the Titans use this widespread reliance on machine intelligence to seize control of the entire universe. [18] Their reign lasts for a century; eventually they give too much access and power to the AI program Omnius, which usurps control from the Titans themselves. [10] [18] Seeing no value in human life, the thinking machines—now including armies of robot soldiers and other aggressive machines—dominate and enslave nearly all of humanity in the universe for 900 years, until a jihad is ignited. [10] This crusade against the machines lasts for nearly a century, with much loss of human life but ultimately ending in human victory. [18] The Corrino-led Imperium [ edit ] The golden lion is the symbol of House Corrino. a b c Herbert, Frank (1965). "Terminology of the Imperium: Jihad, Butlerian". Dune. Jihad, Butlerian: (see also Great Revolt)—the crusade against computers, thinking machines, and conscious robots begun in 201 B.G. and concluded in 108 B.G. Its chief commandment remains in the O.C. Bible as 'Thou shalt not make a machine in the likeness of a human mind.'Early in his newspaper career, Frank Herbert was introduced to Zen, a school of Mahayana Buddhism, by two Jungian psychologists, Ralph and Irene Slattery, who "gave a crucial boost to his thinking". [116] Zen teachings ultimately had "a profound and continuing influence on [Herbert's] work". [116] Throughout the Dune series and particularly in Dune, Herbert employs concepts and forms borrowed from Zen Buddhism. [22] [116] [117] The Fremen are Zensunni adherents, and many of Herbert's epigraphs are Zen-spirited. [118] In " Dune Genesis", Frank Herbert wrote: a b "Nominees/Winners (Outstanding Sound Editing/Hairstyling)". National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on March 10, 2022 . Retrieved February 1, 2019. In the 1999 gazetteer The Stars and Planets of Frank Herbert's Dune: A Gazetteer (1999), Joseph M. Daniels estimates the distance from Earth in light-years (ly) for many Dune planets, based on the real-life distances of the stars and planetary systems referenced by Frank Herbert when discussing these planets in the glossary of the novel Dune. Though Herbert used the names of actual stars and planetary systems in his work, there is no documentation supporting or disputing the assumption that he was, in fact, referring to these real-life stars or systems. [74] The Science of Dune (2008) analyzes and deconstructs many of Herbert's concepts and fictional inventions. [75] [76] [77] Determann, Jörg Matthias (2021). Islam, science fiction and extraterrestrial life: the culture of astrobiology in the Muslim world. London. p.97. ISBN 978-0-7556-0130-1. OCLC 1197808773. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)

Geryk, Bruce (May 19, 2008). "A History of Real-Time Strategy Games: Dune II". GameSpot. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011 . Retrieved January 4, 2011. What especially pleases me is to see the interwoven themes, the fuguelike relationships of images that exactly replay the way Dune took shape ... I involved myself with recurrent themes that turn into paradox. The central paradox concerns the human vision of time. What about Paul's gift of prescience—the Presbyterian fixation? For the Delphic Oracle to perform, it must tangle itself in a web of predestination. Yet predestination negates surprises and, in fact, sets up a mathematically enclosed universe whose limits are always inconsistent, always encountering the unprovable. It's like a koan, a Zen mind breaker. [41]

Frank Herbert died in 1986. Beginning in 1999, his son Brian Herbert and science fiction author Kevin J. Anderson published several collections of prequel novels, as well as two sequels that complete the original Dune series ( Hunters of Dune in 2006 and Sandworms of Dune in 2007), partially based on Frank Herbert's notes discovered a decade after his death. [3] [4] [5]