Beachum, Lateshia (17 November 2019). "Uighurs and their supporters decry Chinese 'concentration camps', 'genocide' after Xinjiang documents leaked". The Washington Post. Zhang, Shanruo Ning (2016). Confucianism in Contemporary Chinese Politics: An Actionable Account of Authoritarian Political Culture. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-8240-6. An Iron Age culture of the Tibetan Plateau has tentatively been associated with the Zhang Zhung culture described in early Tibetan writings.

China: Free Xinjiang 'Political Education' Detainees". Human Rights Watch. 10 September 2017 . Retrieved 10 September 2017. A learned, wise, wonderfully written single volume history of a civilisation that I knew I should know more about' Tom Holland If you want to understand the culture and history of China, you’ve got to read Peter Hessler. He’s published four books on China, including the highly acclaimed ‘Oracle Bones’ in 2006. This book draws on personal and historical narratives and stunning descriptions of Chinese life spanning from the ancient to modern China. Peter Hessler connects with ordinary Chinese locals who have felt the impact of political issues such as the Cultural Revolution. They include his former students, the archaeologist Chen Mengjia who committed suicide during the Cultural Revolution, and a Uighur dissident who fled to the USA, among others. This eye-opening book offers a precious glimpse into the lives of China’s hard-working people. You’re sure to head straight for Peter Hessler’s other books on China after reading this one. Ao, Hong; Dekkers, Mark J.; Wei, Qi; Qiang, Xiaoke; Xiao, Guoqiao (15 August 2013). "New evidence for early presence of hominids in North China". Scientific Reports. 3 (2403): 2403. Bibcode: 2013NatSR...3E2403A. doi: 10.1038/srep02403. PMC 3744199. PMID 23948715.The state of Qin became dominant in the waning decades of the Warring States period, conquering the Shu capital of Jinsha on the Chengdu Plain; and then eventually driving Chu from its place in the Han River valley. Qin imitated the administrative reforms of the other states, thereby becoming a powerhouse. [9] Its final expansion began during the reign of Ying Zheng, ultimately unifying the other six regional powers, and enabling him to proclaim himself as China's first emperor—known to history as Qin Shi Huang.

Political and intellectual ferment waxed strong throughout the 1920s and 1930s. According to Patricia Ebrey: There are also chapters, such as one by Zhang Jishun, that focus on very different kinds of people. Her contribution is a profile of an actress, Shangguan Yunzhu, who was a film star in the late 1940s in Shanghai, where Zhang is based, who later had to be re-educated to become a literary worker in the new China. It talks about the ups and downs of the star’s career and the ways in which she ran afoul of the new government. In the process, it introduces you to the world of film before 1949, and of political struggles after 1949.The Yuan dynasty was formally proclaimed in 1271, when the Great Khan of Mongol, Kublai Khan, one of the grandsons of Genghis Khan, assumed the additional title of Emperor of China, and considered his inherited part of the Mongol Empire as a Chinese dynasty. In the preceding decades, the Mongols had conquered the Jin dynasty in Northern China, and the Southern Song dynasty fell in 1279 after a protracted and bloody war. The Mongol Yuan dynasty became the first conquest dynasty in Chinese history to rule the entire China proper and its population as an ethnic minority. The dynasty also directly controlled the Mongol heartland and other regions, inheriting the largest share of territory of the eastern Mongol empire, which roughly coincided with the modern area of China and nearby regions in East Asia. Further expansion of the empire was halted after defeats in the invasions of Japan and Vietnam. Following the previous Jin dynasty, the capital of Yuan dynasty was established at Khanbaliq (also known as Dadu, modern-day Beijing). The Grand Canal was reconstructed to connect the remote capital city to economic hubs in southern part of China, setting the precedence and foundation where Beijing would largely remain as the capital of the successive regimes that unified China mainland. Masterful and engrossing...well-paced, eminently readable and well-timed. A must-read for those who want – and need – to know about the China of yesterday, today and tomorrow' Peter Frankopan Youngs, R. (2002). The European Union and the Promotion of Democracy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-924979-4. . He Ziquan (何兹全); Zhang Guo'an (张国安) (2013). Wei Jin Nan Bei chao shi = A history of the Wei Jin, and Southern and Northern dynasties 魏晉南北朝史 (1sted.). Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-01-011139-1. OCLC 872462398. It’s all in there. I used it as a textbook, and it seemed to work quite well. It’s sort of an anti-textbook, but those are the textbooks that I like to use. It’s not in the grade school textbook genre, in which it’s all names and dates. It gives you lots of information, but it’s carried forward by gripping tales and nicely crafted profiles.