The stars in the Galaxy, especially along the Milky Way, reveal the presence of a general, all-pervasive interstellar medium by the way in which they gradually fade with distance. This occurs primarily because of interstellar dust, which obscures and reddens starlight. On the average, stars near the Sun are dimmed by a factor of two for every 3,000 light-years. Thus, a star that is 6,000 light-years away in the plane of the Galaxy will appear four times fainter than it would otherwise were it not for the interstellar dust. Sugar, Glucose Syrup, Full Cream Milk Powder, Cocoa Butter, Cocoa Mass, Sunflower Oil, Skimmed Milk Powder, Lactose, Whey Permeate ( Milk), Fat Reduced Cocoa, Barley Malt Extract, Milk Fat, Salt, Emulsifier ( Soya Lecithin), Egg White Powder, Palm Fat, Starch, Milk Chocolate contains Milk Solids 14% minimum One of the basic problems of using moving groups for distance determination is the selection of members. In the case of the Hyades, this has been done very carefully but not without considerable dispute. The members of a moving group (and its actual existence) are established by the degree to which their motions define a common convergent point in the sky. One technique is to determine the coordinates of the poles of the great circles defined by the proper motions and positions of individual stars. The positions of the poles will define a great circle, and one of its poles will be the convergent point for the moving group. Membership of stars can be established by criteria applied to the distances of proper-motion poles of individual stars from the mean great circle. The reliability of the existence of the group itself can be measured by the dispersion of the great circle points about their mean. The image is a near-infrared image of the Milky Way. It shows the Milky Way from an edge-on perspective with the north pole of our Galaxy at the top and the south pole at the bottom. At near-infrared wavelengths, the dominant source of light is stars within our Galaxy. Even though our solar system is part of the Milky Way, the view looks distant because most of the light comes from the population of stars that are closer to the galactic center (the big bulge in the middle of the disk) rather than our own Sun. Globular clusters are extremely luminous objects. Their mean luminosity is the equivalent of approximately 25,000 Suns. The most luminous are 50 times brighter. The masses of globular clusters, measured by determining the dispersion in the velocities of individual stars, range from a few thousand to more than 1,000,000 solar masses. The clusters are very large, with diameters measuring from 10 to as much as 300 light-years. Most globular clusters are highly concentrated at their centres, having stellar distributions that resemble isothermal gas spheres with a cutoff that corresponds to the tidal effects of the Galaxy. A precise model of star distribution within a cluster can be derived from stellar dynamics, which takes into account the kinds of orbits that stars have in the cluster, encounters between these member stars, and the effects of exterior influences. The American astronomer Ivan R. King, for instance, derived dynamical models that fit observed stellar distributions very closely. He finds that a cluster’s structure can be described in terms of two numbers: (1) the core radius, which measures the degree of concentration at the centre, and (2) the tidal radius, which measures the cutoff of star densities at the edge of the cluster.

Bright nebulosity in the Pleiades (M45, NGC 1432), distance 490 light-years. Cluster stars provide the light, and surrounding clouds of dust reflect and scatter the rays from the stars. (more) Sugar, Glucose Syrup, Skimmed Milk Powder, Cocoa Butter, Cocoa Mass, Sunflower Oil, Milk Fat, Lactose, Whey Permeate ( Milk), Barley Malt Extract, Salt, Emulsifier ( Soya Lecithin), Egg White Powder, Palm Fat, Starch, Milk Chocolate contains Milk Solids 14% minimum By the early 20th century, speculation about spiral nebulae and the nature of the Milky Way had reached a fever pitch. Photography clearly showed these nebulae had well-defined spiral structure composed of countless stars, but there were no good measurements of their distance to verify whether they were within the Milky Way or not. In April 1920, Harlow Shapley faced off with Heber Curtis at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., in a discussion called the Great Debate. Shapley maintained that spiral and all other nebulae were part of the Milky Way, just like globular clusters. But Curtis provided convincing evidence that they were independent star systems — “island universes,” as he called them, a term coined by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. This is why companies are legally obligated to disclose this fact even if the original recipe does not contain any peanuts. This also applies to other common allergens that people may be sensitive to and try to avoid. Milky Ways AllergensMeasured ages of open clusters agree with the conclusions that have been reached about their life expectancies. They tend to be young objects; only a few are known to exceed 1 billion years in age. Most are younger than 200 million years, and some are 1 or 2 million years old. Ages of open clusters are determined by comparing their stellar membership with theoretical models of stellar evolution. Because all the stars in a cluster have very nearly the same age and chemical composition, the differences between the member stars are entirely the result of their different masses. As time progresses after the formation of a cluster, the massive stars, which evolve the fastest, gradually disappear from the cluster, becoming white dwarf stars or other underluminous stellar remnants. Theoretical models of clusters show how this effect changes the stellar content with time, and direct comparisons with real clusters give reliable ages for them. To make this comparison, astronomers use a diagram (the colour-magnitude diagram) that plots the temperatures of the stars against their luminosities. Colour-magnitude diagrams have been obtained for more than 1,000 open clusters, and ages are thus known for this large sample. The Milky Way Galaxy is organized into spiral arms of giant stars that illuminate interstellar gas and dust. The sun is in a finger called the Orion Spur. (Image credit: Hubble Space Telescope) Recent advances in the study of moving groups have had an impact on the investigation of the kinematic history of stars and on the absolute calibration of the distance scale of the Galaxy. Moving groups have proved particularly useful with respect to the latter because their commonality of motion enables astronomers to determine accurately (for the nearer examples) the distance of each individual member. Together with nearby parallax stars, moving-group parallaxes provide the basis for the galactic distance scale. Astronomers have found the Hyades moving cluster well suited for their purpose: it is close enough to permit the reliable application of the method, and it has enough members for deducing an accurate age.

When you look up at the night sky, most of the stars you see are in one of the Milky Way arms. Before we had telescopes, people could not see many of the stars very clearly. They blurred together in a white streak across the sky. A myth by the ancient Greeks said this white streak was a "river of milk". The ancient Romans called it the Via Galactica, or "road made of milk". This is how our Galaxy became known as the Milky Way. Light at the galaxy’s center takes 25,000 light-years to travel from Earth. (A light-year is the distance light travels in one year.) So that means if you could see the core of the Milky Way, you’d be observing light that possibly left Earth before humans first settled in North America. Sugar, Glucose Syrup,&nbsp;<strong>Wheat</strong>&nbsp;Flour (17%), Palm Fat, Skimmed&nbsp;<strong>Milk</strong>&nbsp;Powder, Cocoa Butter, Cocoa Mass,&nbsp;<strong>Milk</strong>&nbsp;Fat,&nbsp;<strong>Lactose</strong>, Whey Permeate (<strong>Milk</strong>), Fat Reduced Cocoa, Salt, Emulsifier (<strong>Soya</strong>&nbsp;Lecithin), Raising Agent (E500), Vanilla Extract</p> Crusha milkshake syrup, no added sugar version 25ml serving for 0.5 syns and if using healthy extra a milk it makes a low syn drink. NGC 4013, a spiral galaxy, which has a prominent dust lane like the Milky Way Galaxy, in an image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. (more)The debate about the physical nature of the Milky Way continued into the early 20th century. Two new technologies helped charge the discussion: spectroscopy and photography. The ability to analyze starlight gave astronomers a powerful new way of understanding the chemistry of stars, while photography augmented the limited light-gathering ability of the human eye. Centre of the Orion Nebula (M42). Astronomers have identified some 700 young stars in this 2.5-light-year-wide area. They have also detected over 150 protoplanetary disks, or proplyds, which are believed to be embryonic solar systems that will eventually form planets. These stars and proplyds generate most of the nebula's light. This picture is a mosaic combining 45 images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. (more) Open clusters are distributed in the Galaxy very similarly to young stars. They are highly concentrated along the plane of the Galaxy and slowly decrease in number outward from its centre. The large-scale distribution of these clusters cannot be learned directly because their existence in the Milky Way plane means that dust obscures those that are more than a few thousand light-years from the Sun. By analogy with open clusters in external galaxies similar to the Galaxy, it is surmised that they follow the general distribution of integrated light in the Galaxy, except that there are probably fewer of them in the central areas. There is some evidence that the younger open clusters are more densely concentrated in the Galaxy’s spiral arms, at least in the neighbourhood of the Sun where these arms can be discerned. However, you will find a warning on the Milky Way label stating that it may contain peanuts or peanut ingredients. This is due to the fact that Milky Way bars are made in a facility that also makes peanut products.