The Hedjaz Railroad". The Railroad Gazette. 42 (23): 800. 7 June 1907. ISSN 0097-6679. OCLC 15110419 . Retrieved 23 December 2011. Klaus Riessberger (January 2004). "Fieldexperience with frame–tie-constructions" (PDF). Institute for Railway Engineering and Transport Economy. trbrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17 . Retrieved 22 September 2010. If you’re designing a new horse barn, I strongly suggest including an area to set up cross ties. Working with horses can be a lot of fun, but it’s essential to ensure you do everything safely. One necessary safety precaution is setting up cross ties for your horses. Traverses béton bi-blocs VDH" (in French). itb-tradetech.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011 . Retrieved 23 September 2010. The fractional inch spacing at the fishplate corresponds to the thermal expansion gap allowed between the rail ends.

The helical reinforcement is a good choice in terms of uniformly distributing loads when compared to the normal rings (lateral ties). When my granddaughter and I went to the racehorse barn, she noticed that the trainer secured the horses differently from us at home. We typically use a single lead rope, while he uses cross ties. On our way home, she wanted to know all about cross ties and if we could set some up for her horse. I don’t cross tie for pelvic injuries or broken legs, I have a few boxes designed for this so they are almost like stalls. Horses face the window so they can look out at the world, munch their haylage, and drink, but they can’t turn round or lie down. They heal much faster, and are much less likely to develop stress induced laminitis this way. One of my most hard and fast rules is that nothing is done with horses in their stables unless they are on totally strict box rest. Their boxes are their space, they get to relax, eat, sleep and know they will never be bothered by people while in there. It’s ‘sacred space’ on my yard.Sleepers are 8ft 6in (2.59m) long, 10 inches (254mm) wide and 5 inches (127mm) deep. The two sleepers adjacent to a joint may be 12 inches (305mm) wide where the formation is soft or the traffic is heavy and fast. Sleepers are mostly spaced 2ft 7in (0.79m) apart (centre-to-centre) but are closer adjacent to fishplated rail joints where the spacing sequences are as follows with the spacing at the fishplate highlighted.

Aside from the environmental benefits of using recycled material, plastic ties usually replace timber ties soaked in creosote, the latter being a toxic chemical, [14] and are theoretically recyclable. [11] However, plastics may shed microplastics and leach other possibly toxic chemicals such as ultraviolet inhibitors. I also had one horse who would fight when tied with one rope to the wall. He was claustrophobic and would paddle and rear, getting his foot over the rope. I had a ring each side of the doorway and he could then tie with his head outside. No claustrophobia, fairly loose ropes, no drama. If he pawed, it was a short thing, no punching the walls or climbing the ropes. The crosstie spacing of mainline railroad is approximately 19 to 19.5 inches (48 to 50cm) for wood ties or 24 inches (61cm) for concrete ties. The number of ties is 3,250 wooden crossties per mile (2,019 ties/km, or 40 ties per 65 feet) for wood ties or 2,640 ties per mile for concrete ties. [3] [42] [43] Historical usage [ edit ] United Kingdom [ edit ] On the highest categories of line in the UK (those with the highest speeds and tonnages), pre-stressed concrete ties are the only ones permitted by Network Rail standards. Historically, steel ties have suffered from poor design and increased traffic loads over their normally long service life. These aged and often obsolete designs limited load and speed capacity but can still be found in many locations globally and performing adequately despite decades of service. There are great numbers of steel ties with over 50 years of service and in some cases they can and have been rehabilitated and continue to perform well. Steel ties were also used in specialty situations, such as the Hejaz Railway in the Arabian Peninsula where the dry, hot climate made wood ties unsatisfactory. [9]Whitford, Robert K.; Karlaftis, Matthew; Kepaptsoglou, Konstantinos (2003). "Chapter 60. High-Speed Ground Transportation: Planning and Design Issues" (PDF). In Chen, Wai-Fah; Liew, J.Y. Richard (eds.). The Civil Engineering Handbook. New Directions in Civil Engineering (2nded.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. Table 60.6 TGV Infrastructure Characteristics for Southeastern and Atlantique Routes. ISBN 0-8493-0958-1. OCLC 248368514 . Retrieved 24 December 2011. a b "Y-Stahlschwelle". Some information derived from a lecture by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl Endmann. oberbauhandbuch.de. February 28, 2006. Archived from the original on 14 August 2007 . Retrieved 18 September 2010.