Mandalozis D, Kalfa N, Zammataro S, Matyas M (2013) Moving towards green road infrastructure: case studies and lessons learned. International Road Federation, Geneva

Public authorities in the EU spend up to 14% of GDP on public procurement. Promoting green public procurement tools will contribute to the success of our future ecological transition. It is necessary to provide the authorities with the incentives, capacities and competences to choose innovative and environmentally friendly solutions. Current public procurement practices still lead most public contracts to be based on lowest price criterion without taking into account environment, climate or innovation.Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology-- - Federal Highway Administration". www.tfhrc.gov.

Solar energy limits the number of resources that local governments have to spend on maintaining their roadways. For example, the energy collected from solar panels can be used to de-ice winter-y roads, eliminating the need to spread ice salt and contaminate local ecosystems. In the case of Normandy, France, these roads stand in for traditional power centres, providing energy to those who need it without taking up additional acreage in the form of solar farms. Solar Roads with UV Permeable Material E When it is safe, go straight across the road – do not run. Keep looking and listening for traffic while you cross, in case there is any traffic you did not see, or in case other traffic appears suddenly. Look out for cyclists and motorcyclists travelling between lanes of traffic. Do not walk diagonally across the road. Rule 8 Dynamic paint (the Netherlands – 2013) which is a combination of symbols that appear on the road surface and warn drivers when the roadway is too cold, too hot or can be slippery. This contributes to improve drivers experience and minimize car accidents. One variation on the solar road includes solar panels integrated with UV permeable material. UV light exists outside of the span of visible light and has a shorter energy wave. UV photons provide more electricity when collected via solar panels because it takes less energy to convert them from their raw form to a consumable form. As such, these materials’ integration in international highways may see more efficient solar roadways than those which already exist. Current IntegrationThis approach is entirelydifferent than safety systems that provide only ‘last-second’ alerts. Such systems help avert catastrophic crashes, but cannot promote fundamental change in driving habits – the change needed to create a sustainable reduction in accidents. Interactive wind-powered lights (The Netherlands – 2018): only the presence of a car can turn on the light, which is powered by the wind. Separate from the GHP work, EPA efforts include the new Tier 4 standards for non-road diesel engines, which are to reduce exhaust emissions by more than 90 percent and eventually reduce diesel fuel sulfur content from 3,000 PPM to 15 PPM. When fully applied, the agency says, "these reductions in NOx and PM emissions from non-road diesel engines will provide enormous public health benefits. The EPA estimates that by 2030, controlling these emissions would annually prevent 12,000 premature deaths, 8,900 hospitalizations, and one million work days lost." Both Cummins and Caterpillar have promised to meet these aggressive new standards. GreenRoad’s classification of safety events in based on algorithms that identify over 150 types of low-to-high-risk driving maneuvers across 5 categories: cornering, lane handling, speeding, acceleration and braking. This provides a highly accurate and ‘relatable’ model of each driver’s behavior, helping secure driver buy-in to the system’s credibility.