Athreya, V. R.; Thakur, S. S.; Chaudhuri, S.; Belsare, A. V. (2004). A study of the man-leopard conflict in the Junnar Forest Division, Pune District, Maharashtra (PDF) (Report). Submitted to the Office of the Chief Wildlife Warden, Maharashtra State Forest Department, and the Wildlife Protection Society of India, New Delhi, India. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature". www.nhm.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26 . Retrieved 2017-03-07. a b c d e f Banks, D., Lawson, S., Wright, B. (eds.) (2006). Skinning the Cat: Crime and Politics of the Big Cat Skin Trade. Environmental Investigation Agency, Wildlife Protection Society of India Bhutan Biodiversity User List (PDF). National Environment Commission, Royal Government of Bhutan. 2021. ISBN 9789998046023. a b c Judas, J.; Paillat, P.; Khoja, A.; Boug, A. (2006). "Status of the Arabian leopard in Saudi Arabia" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 1): 11–19.

The leopard and snow leopard both hunt Himalayan tahr and musk deer, but the leopard usually prefers forested habitats located at lower altitudes. [47] Leopard may conflict with sloth bears and can follow them up trees. [48] Bear cubs are probably far more vulnerable and healthy adult bears may be avoided by leopards. One leopard killed a three-quarters grown female sloth bear in an apparently lengthy fight that culminated in the trees. Apparently, a sloth bear killed a leopard in a confrontation in Yala National Park, Sri Lanka but was itself badly injured in the fight and was subsequently put down by park rangers. [49] [50] Threats [ edit ] Leopard skins Interesting facts to learn about baby leopards include that the cub’s sense of smell is as strong as an adult leopard’s.This cat species usually measures about 20 in. long and weighs about 10 lbs. or so. Its coat varies in color from grey to tawny yellow, and its underside is white. At a glance, its pattern looks similar to that of an ocelot. Its coat has spots, blotches, and stripes at various points across its body. Iriomote cat P. b. iriomotensis (Imaizumi, 1967) from the island of Iriomote, one of the Ryukyu Islands in the Japanese Archipelago; [14] Initially, the Iriomote cat was recognised as a distinct species, but following mtDNA analysis in the 1990s was considered a leopard cat subspecies. [15]

The clouded leopard can be told apart by its diffuse "clouds" of spots compared to the smaller and distinct rosettes of the leopard, longer legs and thinner tail. [11] Skull [ edit ] a b c Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro, S.; Kamler, J.F. & Laguardia, A. (2016). " Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15954A102421779. P. b. bengalensis (Kerr, 1792) ranges in South and East Asia, from Pakistan to China, and probably the Malay Peninsula; andThe leopard is a versatile, opportunistic hunter, and has a very broad diet. [10] It is able to take large prey due to its massive skull and powerful jaw muscles. [29] [30] In Sariska Tiger Reserve, the dietary spectrum of the Indian leopard includes axis deer, sambar deer, nilgai, wild boar, common langur, Indian hare and peafowl. [31]

Modeling suggests that the species accumulated genetic and phenotypic differences from its conspecifics at a series of glacial maxima during the last glacial period in a Yemen refugium, from where it expanded elsewhere in the Holocene warming following the expansion of suitable landscape types. As humans expanded as well, they eventually restricted the source populations of the leopard to an area intersecting eastern Yemen and western Oman today. [12] Srivastava, K. K.; Bhardwaj, A. K.; Abraham, C. J.; Zacharias, V. J. (1996). "Food habits of mammalian predators in Periyar Tiger Reserve, South India". The Indian Forester. 122 (10): 877–883 . Retrieved 22 March 2013. Kabir, M.T.; Ahsan, M.F.; Khatoon, A. (2017). "Occurrence and conservation of the Indian Leopard (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae: Panthera pardus) in Cox's Bazar District of Bangladesh". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 9 (6): 10320–10324. doi: 10.11609/jott.1898.9.6.10320-10324. The Israeli West Bank Barrier, built by the Israeli government in the mid 2000s disrupts the migration of all terrestrial land animals between Israel and Palestine, therefore reducing animals' natural habitats and causing gene pools to be significantly shallower, which results in inbreeding and infertility. [34] Boitani, L. (1984). Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books. ISBN 978-0-671-42805-1.the Sunda leopard cat ( P. javanensis) is native to Java, Bali, Borneo, Sumatra, Palawan, Negros, Cebu, Panay, and possibly the Malay Peninsula. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Russian zoologists Geptner, Gromov and Baranova disagreed with this classification. They emphasized the differences of skins and skulls at their disposal and the ones originating in Southeast Asia, and coined the term Amur forest cat, which they regarded as a distinct species. [16] [17] In 1987, Chinese zoologists pointed out the affinity of leopard cats from northern China, Amur cats and leopard cats from southern latitudes. In view of the morphological similarities they did not support classifying the Amur cat as a species. [18] The breeding season of leopard cats varies depending on the climate. In tropical habitats, kittens are born throughout the year. In colder habitats farther north, females give birth in spring. Their gestation period lasts 60–70 days. Litter size varies between two and three kittens. Captive-born kittens weighed 75 to 130 grams (2.6 to 4.6oz) at birth and opened their eyes by 15 days of age. Within two weeks, they doubled their weight and were four times their birth weight at the age of five weeks. At the age of four weeks, their permanent canines break through, and they begin to eat meat. Captive females reach sexual maturity earliest at the age of one year and have their first litter at the age of 13 to 14 months. Captive leopard cats have lived for up to thirteen years. [5] Leopard cat subspecies differ widely in fur colour, tail length, skull shape and size of carnassials. [3] Archaeological evidence indicates that the leopard cat was the first cat species domesticated in Neolithic China about 5,000 years ago in Shaanxi and Henan Provinces. [4] Characteristics [ edit ] A leopard cat, ambushing its prey