In these and other accounts, the press employed tropes of class distinction to garner sympathy for the Kings. The Lowell Sun, for example, wrote that “members of the wealthiest, most highly cultured and refined classes of the Flowery kingdom” had been denied landing and had been treated like “ordinary Chinese laundry[men].” Footnote 112 A Boston Globe editorial decried that “we subject [Chinese elites] to such harsh, annoying and even insulting conditions—generally classing them as mere coolies.” Utilizing the rhetoric of patrician Orientalism, the Globe championed China's “lettered class,” while expressing disdain for California's “Sand Lot” politics and condemning Boston immigration officials who “do not understand much about China.” Footnote 113 Similarly, New York's Sun emphasized that “these students are of a wealthy and cultivated family” and lambasted the “stupidity” of immigration officials in conflating them with the threat of Chinese cheap labor. Footnote 114 The Christian Work and The Evangelist condemned the manner in which the Kings, “dressed as Europeans, well-educated as befits members of one of the best families in China,” were “set apart like so many wild animals.” Footnote 115 The Chicago Daily Tribune denounced the detention of “first cabin passengers on one of the Cunard steamships, costumed as Europeans and well dressed, highly educated, and manifestly belonging to the upper classes at home…. It was obvious that they were of gentle birth and breeding.” Footnote 116 These accounts uniformly employed class markers to distinguish the Kings from “ordinary laundry men,” laborers, and criminals, emphasizing their symbolic capital in the form of gentility, refinement, wealth, and education. Such notional socioeconomic distinction enabled the papers to effectively sidestep the race issue and condemn the King incident without denouncing exclusion wholesale. At the same time, these accounts also suggest the manner in which cosmopolitan-minded U.S. elites used their own class markers and sense of “distinction” to distance themselves from working-class Americans and populists while defending their own economic interests. Indeed, the boycott sealed the marriage of elite U.S. and Chinese interests, connected by trade and investment, and set against those of the domestic working classes on both sides. Footnote 117 The Inquiry of the Education and Inheritance system in Dali Zhoucheng Bai Ethnic Group Tie-dye Technique, Lu Zhiyan http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10635-2010094489.htm Figure 2. Jin Cheng [Kungpah King] (1878–1926). Peony. Early 20th century. Folding fan mounted as an album leaf; ink and color on alum paper, 8 3/8 × 26 7/8 in. (21.3 × 68.3 cm). Gift of Robert Hatfield Ellsworth, in memory of La Ferne Hatfield Ellsworth, 1986 (1986.267.122). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY. Reproduced with permission. CHINA TODAY". www.chinatoday.com.cn. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019 . Retrieved 26 September 2023. The paper's condemnation of the outrage against this leading Shanghai family and its criticism of exclusion touched off a series of letters to the editor, and while some detracted, many in the Anglo-American business community saw reform as urgent. Pressing Washington through the American Association in China, they joined the AAA as allies in the ongoing Chinese quest for justice. Footnote 140 This points to the emergence of a transpacific cosmopolitan elite whose shared business and political interests transcended racial and cultural difference.

Earlier forms of Confucianism had stressed filial piety, duty and learning. The form that developed during the Song era, Neo-Confucianism, was the closest China had to a state religion. It stressed the indivisibility of social harmony, moral orthodoxy and ritualized behavior. For women, Neo-Confucianism placed extra emphasis on chastity, obedience and diligence. A good wife should have no desire other than to serve her husband, no ambition other than to produce a son, and no interest beyond subjugating herself to her husband’s family—meaning, among other things, she must never remarry if widowed. Every Confucian primer on moral female behavior included examples of women who were prepared to die or suffer mutilation to prove their commitment to the “Way of the Sages.” The act of foot-binding—the pain involved and the physical limitations it created—became a woman’s daily demonstration of her own commitment to Confucian values. a b c Lucchinelli, Valeria (24 March 2023). "Chinese Knots how-to: The complete guide to Chinese New Year traditional craft – Art Sprouts" . Retrieved 28 July 2023. Wall and Crown Knot: This knot starts with a typical Crown Knot. After that, each strand is looped through its original path once again. This creates a ball-shaped stopper knot at the end of a rope. Fast forward to the 20th century, when tie dye experienced a resurgence in popularity. Thanks in part to the counterculture movement of the 1960s and ’70s, this ancient art form found new life. Today, tie dye continues to thrive, with designers drawing inspiration from China’s rich history to create fresh, modern styles. In Conclusion Most knots are double layered and symmetrical and have two cords entering the knot from the top and two leaving from the bottom. Each kind of knot is named after its shape or the symbolic meaning that it carries.Hua [华], Mei [梅] (2004). Zhongguo fu shi[ Chinese clothing] (1sted.). Beijing: Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she. ISBN 7-5085-0540-9. OCLC 60568032. a b Van Rensburg, Elsabe Jansen (2009). Knot another!: a step-by-step guide to 50 Korean maedeup knots and projects(as taught to me by Ms. Kim Mi Hae). Bangkok: Bleho Media. ISBN 9786119020405. OCLC 796904799. Xin Tangshu/ juan 216 shang" 新唐書/卷216上[New book of Tang/ Volume 216]. Wikisource. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020 . Retrieved 14 July 2020.

For example, in ancient times and even now, lovers may give a knot as a token of their love. The 'true love knot' and the 'double happiness knot' are given or used at weddings to express mutual love and growing old together in fidelity. Knots connoted love and marriage in Chinese culture. Knot Etymology Now you are going to repeat this process with this petal (as you did with the diagonal). However, these new loops will be a lot smaller to give it a flower shape. Continue until you do 3 loops on one side and pull on one of the hanging strings at the end. (This is what the first photo in step 7 depicts). Repeat this on the other side with the remaining 3 petals until you get your little flower!Accounts of the King incident contrast sharply with earlier press portrayals of the 1903 Boston raid. As K. Scott Wong has demonstrated, newspaper accounts of the raid exuded imagery of Chinatown as a mysterious den of vice and iniquity, “foreign and frightening.” Footnote 118 While sensationalizing the incident, Boston newspapers also mobilized reader sympathy by portraying the Chinese as helpless victims. Wong notes how Boston allies denounced the raid as a flagrant abuse of power against the weak: “The Chinaman has no friends; has no vote; has no gunboat; so he is an easy victim of the bully and the coward.” Footnote 119 Conversely, press reports of the King incident discarded the standard Chinatown tropes in favor of patrician Orientalism (“refined classes of the Flowery kingdom”) and warned that the Chinese would stand no longer for bullying and abuse. Footnote 120 An eloquent defender of his own rights and clearly not friendless, Kungpah King embodied the spirit of rising Chinese assertiveness. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. In the highest antiquity, government was carried on successfully by the use of knotted cords (to preserve the memory of things). In subsequent ages the sages substituted for these written characters and bonds. By means of these (the doings of) all the officers could be regulated, and (the affairs of) all the people accurately examined." In the illustration below, we show you how to tie a 3 Strand Crown Knot. But you can also tie a Crown Knot using 4,5,6,7,8 or even more strands. The process is identical, only involves more strands that need to be laid over each other.