Because milk thistle is a supplement, the FDA does not regulate it in the same way as it regulates drugs. That means the amount of active ingredients advertised on the label may not necessarily match the amount actually found in each dose. For this reason, it is important to buy milk thistle from reputable retailers. Chimi, H., Cillard, J., Cillard, P. & Rahmani, M. Peroxyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of some natural phenolic antioxidants. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 68, 307–312 (1991). Shin, S. et al. Anti-glycation activities of phenolic constituents from Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) flower in vitro and on human explants. Molecules 20, 3549–3564. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20033549 (2015). The Northern Leg Gas Pipeline (NLGP) system supplies the fuel gas required for powering the platform. Contractors involved with the field life extension project Thus, more studies are needed to determine what dose and length of treatment are needed for specific liver conditions ( 2, 11, 12).

In this way, milk thistle may help improve cognition and treat degenerative conditions that affect the mind. Researchers must carry out more studies on humans to confirm the effects of milk thistle on cognition. Supports the immune system Pellati, F., Borgonetti, V., Brighenti, V., Biagi, M., Benvenuti S. & Cors, L. Cannabis sativa L. and nonpsychoactive cannabinoids: their chemistry and role against oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer. Biomed. Res. Int., 1691428, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1691428 (2018). Other thistles that nominally are weeds are important honey plants, both as bee fodder in general, and as sources of luxury monofloral honey products. [14] [21] [22] Culture [ edit ] Heraldry [ edit ] Scottish thistle [ edit ] The cold-pressed, virgin and unrefined oils from hemp and milk thistle seeds were obtained from Olejowe Smaki company (north-east Poland, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Bialystok). The seeds used to produce the oils came from Polish plantations. The use of plant materials in the present study complies with the international, national, and institutional guidelines and legislation. The seeds were gently crushed and then pressed in a screw press at a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C. The seeds were crushed only once. The oils have only been cleaned by sedimentation, not exposed to high temperatures, chemicals or water. No preservatives, additives or dyes were added. Methanol (CH 3OH), ethanol (C 2H 5OH), n-hexane (C 6H 14), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, deionized H 2O, sodium carbonate (Na 2CO 3), acetate buffer, phosphate buffer pH=7, iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3·6H 2O), iron(II) chloride (FeCl 2), copper(II) chloride (CuCl 2), neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), ammonium acetate (C 2H 7NO 2), ammonium thiocyanate, potassium persulfate (K 2S 2O 8), Tween 20 (C 58H 114O 26), TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydrochloric acid 37% (HCl), acetic acid (CH 3COOH), chlorogenic acid, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, epicatechin, phloridzin, L-ascorbic acid, BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), acetonitrile for HPLC, standards of phenolic compounds: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, procyanidin B1, 2,5-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, procyanidin B2, (-)epicatechin, procyanidin C1, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, procyanidin A2, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, phloridzin were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chemical reagents were of analytical purity. Additionally, the purity of these compounds was confirm by FT-IR spectroscopy and melting point measurement. Oil extraction A 2012 study found that silymarin helped to protect against inflammation in the airways of mice with allergic asthma. Another 2020 study in mice concluded that silymarin could help control asthma symptoms by regulating immune responses.

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Michalak, A. Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in plants growing under heavy metal stress. Polish. J. Environ. Stud. 15, 523–530 (2006). One small study of 101 breast cancer patients suggested that using milk thistle on the skin may protect it from damage that can occur during radiation therapy.

Milk thistle is a safe supplement that shows potential as a complementary therapy for various conditions, including liver disease, cancer and diabetes.

Liu, W., et al. (2015). Potent inhibitory effect of silibinin from milk thistle on skin inflammation stimuli by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [Abstract].

One study also found that it may slightly extend the life expectancy of people with cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholic liver disease ( 10). Marinova, E.M. &.Yanishlieva, N.V. Antioxidant activity and mechanism of action of some phenolic acids at ambient and high temperatures. Food Chem, 81, 189–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00411-9 (2003). Vitamin E: Deeply nourishing and moisturising, Vitamin E helps strengthen the skin's protective barrier while helping prevent fine lines and signs of aging. Some animal studies have shown that milk thistle could be useful for reducing the side effects of cancer treatments ( 26, 27, 28). A major development programme to extend the life of the fields was initiated by Enquest soon after it took over the operatorship. The first phase of the Thistle Late Life Extension (LLX) project included the refurbishment of the drilling rig in 2010. A new 30MW power generation turbine and a local equipment room on the platform were installed in 2012.

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Similar to milk thistle, dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale) has antioxidant effects. It reportedly has other potential health benefits, which may include: It’s a great addition to salads and other cold dishes. It’s definitely worth to h