When released, the gases within the grenade expand rapidly, filling up the space inside the canister and pushing out the plug at the end. This results in a loud popping noise and a cloud of smoke being emitted from the grenade. Bundesministerium der Verteidigung (25 April 2000). Zentrale Dienstvorschrift 3/21, Gebrauch von Nebelmitteln (PDF) . Retrieved 25 July 2021. Denel Land Systems. "Grenade Datasheets" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2006 . Retrieved 20 July 2021.

Smoke grenades are great fun, they are best used in the day where you can see the vivid colours that they give off. Used at parties and celebrations, smoke grenades are also ideal for paintballing and airsoft players. What are the safety precautions for using smoke grenades?a b Koninklijke Landmacht (22 November 1985). Voorschriftnummer 9-850 Hand- en Geweergranaten (in Dutch). Find sources: "M18 smoke grenade"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) The workhorse of the our Medium Smoke Bomb family is the BSF40. Simple to use and a huge amount of smoke for the compact size of the device. Gordon L. Rottman (26 Jan 2017). Vietnam War US & Allied Combat Equipments. Osprey Publishing. p.44. ISBN 9781472819055. Additionally, smoke grenades can be used to signal teammates or mark positions. For example, if you need reinforcements, you can throw a smoke grenade to let your team know where you are. Types Of Smoke Grenades

Hayman, Charles (10 February 2014). The Armed Forces of the United Kingdom 2014-2015. Pen and Sword. p.119. ISBN 9781783463510 . Retrieved 14 April 2018– via Google Books. a b c Onderzoeksraad voor Veiligheid (27 April 2006). "Gewonden door gebruik rookgasgranaat WP, Curacao, 26 april 2006" . Retrieved 25 July 2021. Olive drab body with a pale green band and markings, the top painted red, yellow, green, or violet to indicate the smoke color and the color's name marked on the side. The data base for assessing the potential toxicity of the combustion products of the old yellow-, green-, red-, and violet-smoke formulations is inadequate to make recommendations for exposure guidance levels. The BZA component of the old yellow-and green-smoke formulations is not suitable for use as a component dye because of the dermal toxicity of the dye and its photosensitization properties. The subcommittee recommends that additional research be conducted on the toxicity of the combustion products of the old red-and violet-smoke formulations if the Army is to continue to use them. At a minimum, the Army should conduct acute inhalation studies in experimental animals to test the potential toxicity of the combustion products. Acute toxicity studies would be most appropriate for recommending the emergency exposure guidance level and the short-term public emergency guidance level. Such exposures might occur during training exercises in which military personnel might be exposed for several minutes, twice per day, two to four times per year. Some military personnel, particularly instructors involved in training exercises, might be repeatedly exposed to the smokes over several years, as might a community living near a military-training facility. For those exposure scenarios, the repeated exposure guidance level and the repeated public exposure guidance level are the most appropriate exposure guidance levels, and studies assessing the potential toxicity of the smokes following repeated exposure would provide the most appropriate data for setting those guidance levels. Thus, the Army should also consider conducting subchronic inhalation studies in experimental animals to test the toxicity of the smokes under conditions of repeated exposure. Both acute and repeated inhalation studies should be carried out using combusted smokes, and the particle size and combustion products should be representative of the smokes used by the Army. Toxicity testing of other smoke formulations or of individual dyes might not provide results similar to those obtained with the combusted smokes.a b c d e Department of National Defence (1976). B-GL-317-005/PT-001 Weapons, Volume 5, Grenades and Pyrotechnics. A smoke grenade is a canister-type grenade used as a signaling device, target or landing zone marking device, or as a screening device for unit movements. [1] [2] The combustion products are more significant toxicologically than the noncombusted material (the smoke formulation), because the potential mutagenicity of DAA is greater than that of DDA (Rubin et al. 1982) (see Appendix I). Smoke Screening Products IR/RP" (PDF). Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KG. April 2011. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014 . Retrieved 6 February 2022. Navy Department, Bureau of Ordnance (1970). NAVORD OP 1665 British Explosive Ordnance 1946 (Changed 1 June 1970). p.387.

Smoke grenades are used for several purposes. The primary use is the creation of smoke screens for concealment and the signaling of aircraft. In a study by Weeks and Yevich (1963), grenades containing an old yellow-smoke formulation were fired inside a static exposure chamber to achieve initial concentrations of particles that were high (13.4 grams per cubic meter (g/m 3)), medium (4.8 g/m 3), or low (0.9 g/m 3). The dye composition of the smoke formulation was reported to be BZA and indanthrene (a blue powder) rather than BZA and vat yellow 4. Rats (male), mice (female), and guinea pigs (both sexes) were exposed in the static chamber for 1 hr at 13.4, 4.8, or 0.9 g/m 3. Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations reached 1% for the high-concentration group and might account for some of the toxic effects observed, including eye irritation, nasal discharge, gasping, and lethargy. Surviving animals were sacrificed 24 hr after the exposure or at later time points for up to 4 weeks after the exposure and then examined histologically. Rheinmetall Denel Munition. "Hand Grenade Screening Smoke M0251" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2019 . Retrieved 20 July 2021. Navy Department, Bureau of Ordnance (1970). NAVORD OP 1665 British Explosive Ordnance 1946 (Changed 1 June 1970). p.389. Wetz, Andreas (6 February 2009). "Nebelübung: Anrainer gefährdet?". Die Presse . Retrieved 7 February 2022.In World War II the M18 had a light gray body with a yellow band and markings and the top was in the smoke color. M18 Colored Smoke Grenade with "violet" or purple smoke filling. Diagram and cross section of the M18 Colored Smoke Grenade (Yellow smoke filling depicted). Smoke billowing from an M18 Colored Smoke Grenade with green smoke filling. The smoke is harmful if it is inhaled for prolonged periods; new smoke mixtures are under development that are less toxic. In enclosed spaces the smoke displaces oxygen and can cause respiratory or oxygen deprivation. Blue smoke grenades are typically used to mark positions. For example, if you need to indicate where your team is located, you can throw a blue smoke grenade. White Smoke Grenades Andrzej Ciepliński, Ryszard Woźniak (1994). Encyklopedia współczesnej broni palnej (in Polish). Warszawa: WiS. ISBN 83-86028-01-7. OCLC 169820275.

Arsenal GH-SMK coloured smoke hand grenade series (Grey or metallic body with coloured stripe) [24] No. 83 Mk 1-Mk 4 Coloured/Signal Smoke Hand Grenade series [152] [150] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] [161] a b c d "UD 2-1 Forsvarets sikkerhetsbestemmelser for landmilitær virksomhet". Forsvaret. 23 October 2020. p.120 . Retrieved 7 February 2022.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Death occurred during or soon after the exposure to the high concentration in all rats, 7 of 10 mice, and 3 of 5 female guinea pigs. No animals died after exposure to the medium concentration, and 1 of 10 rats died after exposure to the low concentration. Surviving animals in all groups had at least a slightly retarded growth rate after the exposure. Animals in the high-concentration exposure group did not recover a normal rate of weight gain; however, those in the medium-and low-concentration groups recovered and gained weight at a normal rate. Histopathological analysis on animals sacrificed 24 hr after exposure indicated that the green-dye particles clogged the nasal passages and sometime obliterated bronchi and bronchioles. Lungs exhibited necrosis, sloughing of the mucosa, and edema in the alveolar space. Gastric changes were observed with isolated areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, and few areas of ulceration were seen in the duodenum. Those gastric changes might be a result of ingestion of smoke components from grooming by the animals; it is unlikely that humans would be exposed by that route. At later sacrifice times, signs of chronic inflammation were observed in the nose, and the lung contained "foreign-body giant cells" that obliterated the alveoli. Slaga et al. (1985) conducted studies of the ability of the old violet-smoke formulation to exhibit complete carcinogenicity as well as its ability to be an initiator in the Sencar mouse. There was no tumor response to the formulation when tested as a complete carcinogen or as an initiator. The following information is intended only to provide general information for our customers. It is extremely important that anyone using our chemical products comply with all applicable environmental laws and regulations. We recommend that you consult with appropriate legal counsel or governmental authorities prior to disposing of any of our chemical products. The M18 Colored Smoke Grenade is a US Army grenade used as a ground-to-ground or ground-to-air signaling device, a target or landing zone marking device, or a screening device for unit maneuvering.