a b Oladipo, Gloria (5 October 2021). "Lord of the Rings orc was modeled after Harvey Weinstein, Elijah Wood reveals". The Guardian . Retrieved 1 December 2022. The usual Old English word for corpse is líc, but -né appears in nebbed 'corpse bed', [12] and in dryhtné 'dead body of a warrior', where dryht is a military unit.

Scholars of English literature William N. Rogers II and Michael R. Underwood note that a widespread element of late 19th century Western culture was fear of moral decline and degeneration; this led to eugenics. [32] In The Two Towers, the Ent Treebeard says: [T 23] Here: "orcus [orc].. þrys ꝉ heldeofol" is the redaction given by Pheifer 1974, p. 37n but þrys appears to be a mistranscription for þyrs. The original text uses "ꝉ", the scribal abbreviation for Latin vel meaning "or", which Wright has silently expanded as Anglo-Saxon oððe. squat, broad, flat-nosed, sallow-skinned, with wide mouths and slant eyes: in fact degraded and repulsive versions of the (to Europeans) least lovely Mongol-types. [T 20] A clear illustration that Tolkien considered Goblins and Orcs to be the same thing, the former word merely being the English translation of the latter, is that in The Hobbit (the only one of Tolkien's works in which he usually refers to Orcs as goblins) Gandalf asks Thorin if he remembers Azog the Goblin who killed his grandfather Thrór [2], while in all his other writings Tolkien describes Azog as a "great Orc". [3] History Origin " In the final destruction of Thangorodrim and the casting out of Morgoth, their begetter, those in his immediate service had been destroyed, though no doubt some escaped and fled east into hiding." — The Nature of Middle-earth, Silvan Elves and Silvan Elvish John Magoun, writing in the J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia, states that Middle-earth has a "fully expressed moral geography". [27] Any moral bias towards a north-western geography, however, was directly denied by Tolkien in a letter to Charlotte and Denis Plimmer, who had recently interviewed him in 1967:Orcs are of human shape, and of varying size. [T 7] They are depicted as ugly and filthy, with a taste for human flesh. They are fanged, bow-legged and long-armed. Most are small and avoid daylight. [T 8]

Both for the Dark Lord's war on Rohan and for his own interests regarding the Ring-bearer, the Wizard Saruman began to assemble Orcs into his own army in Isengard - these troops were gathered from amidsts the tribes of the Misty Mountains, which were supplemented by others he bred, some being crossed with Men. The Orcs of Isengard fought in the early-mid battles of the War of the Ring, such as the First and Second Battles of the Fords of Isen, but were crushed or scattered at the Battle of the Hornburg.

Translated by Fans

Orcs based on The Lord of the Rings have become a fixture of fantasy fiction and role-playing games. Tolkien, J. R. R. (2005). "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" (PDF). In Hammond, Wayne G.; Scull, Christina (eds.). The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-720907-1. Lev is an awesome protagonist. I can't wait to see him dominate the goblins with his superior knowledge and skills. Rak, Ghorza, and Rapha are well-development, and Vyrga is shaping up to be a good antagonist/rival, and is certainly more than meets the eye. The Nature of Middle-earth, Part Three: The World, its lands and its inhabitants, XVIII: "Note on the Delay of Gil-galad and the Númenóreans"

J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "Part Five. Myths Transformed", "[Text] X", p. 419In The Father Christmas Letters, goblins appear as the enemies of Father Christmas and the Red Elves. The word as far as I am concerned actually derived from Old Englishorc , demon, but only because of its phonetic suitability." ― J.R.R. Tolkien in Letter 144 Orc [ edit | edit source ] Orcs of the mountains would often not venture very far from their homes unless they had to look for new homes, went to war or went on raids to get food or slaves. In such raids they would often obtain the help of Wargs with whom they then shared the plunder. [18] Nonetheless, even before this time, the Orcs living east remained outside Morgoth's reach ever since he made the fortress of Angband a seat of his power and thus ruled themselves, though they squabbled amongst themselves as much as they troubled both kinds of the Children of Ilúvatar. [12] Second Age [ edit | edit source ] Tolkien, J. R. R. (1993). Christopher Tolkien (ed.). Morgoth's Ring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-68092-1.