Henning (1960), p. 47. "Bactrian thus 'occupies an intermediary position between Pashto and Yidgha-Munji on the one hand, Sogdian, Choresmian, and Parthian on the other: it is thus in its natural and rightful place in Bactria'." Other sources note 1933, i.e. Johannes Christian Meyer-Ingwersen. Untersuchungen zum Satzbau des Paschto. 1966. Ph.D. Thesis, Hamburg 1966. Septfonds, D. 2006. Pashto. In: Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world. 845 – 848. Keith Brown / Sarah Ogilvie (eds.). Elsevier, Oxford: 2009.

Farhadi, Ravan (1970). Khushhal Khan Khatak: The encyclopaedia of Islam. 2. C – G, Volume 1, Parts 1–2. Brill Archive. p.72 . Retrieved 1 March 2013. a b "Pashto (also Pushtu)". American Heritage Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company . Retrieved 18 July 2016.

Contributors

Morgenstierne, Georg. "The Place of Pashto among the Iranic Languages and the Problem of the Constitution of Pashtun Linguistic and Ethnic Unity." Paṣto Quarterly 1.4 (1978): 43-55. Rahat Zakheli (1884-1963) born at Nowshera, Pakistan. He is the first Pashto novelist and first short story writer, who was also a poet. Daniel G. Hallberg (1992) Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri (Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 4). National Institute of Pakistani Studies, 176 pp. ISBN 969-8023-14-3. These days, for women, poetry programs on the radio are one of the few permissible forms of access to the outside world. Such was the case for Rahila Muska, who learned about a women’s literary group called Mirman Baheer via the radio. The group meets in the capital of Kabul every Saturday afternoon; it also runs a phone hotline for girls from the provinces, like Muska, to call in with their own work or to talk to fellow poets. Muska, which means smile in Pashto, phoned in so frequently and showed such promise that she became the darling of the literary circle. She alluded to family problems that she refused to discuss. In the introduction to his first poetry volume, "Chirpings of the Cage," published in 1956, Khan was explicit about his poetry:

Khan's fortunes swung with those of his family. Ghaffar Khan pulled his eldest son out of Delhi's prestigious Muslim religious institution, Jamia Milli, only a year after sending Ghani there in 1927. The Pashtun leader was unhappy with the Muslim clergy's role in provoking a revolt against his friend, the reformist Afghan King Amanullah Khan. Pashto". UCLA International Institute: Center for World Languages. University of California, Los Angeles. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009 . Retrieved 10 December 2010. (50%) Professor S. Qudratullah Fatemi. "Islamic Universalism and Territorial nationalism in Iqbal's Thought." Iqbal Review (1976): 70-103 In Kabul: The people of wadan, including Mohammad Nasib, Jean Kissell, Inayat Niazi, also Z.S., Nancy Hatch Dupree, Taous Sajed and his brother, Kamran, Sulieman Laeeq, Gulistan Shinwari, Eimal Dorani, Mustafa Salik, David Pate, Mahmood Marhoon, Sahera Sharif and the women of Mirman Baheer, Rasool Sekandari, Habib Sekandari. In Helmand: Asma Safi, Ghulam Mohammad Safi, Abdul Rahman Zahir and Abdul Bari Roman, and Sharifa Ahmadzai. In Nangarhar: Zia-ul-Haq and Ghulam Mohammad Safi, Ihsanullah Safi. In addition: The Poetry Foundation, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, the New York Times Magazine, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the Pulitzer Center.Kaye, Alan S. (30 June 1997). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p.736. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4. Government of Pakistan: Population by Mother Tongue" (PDF). statpak.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2006 . Retrieved 18 July 2016.

Khan, M. Taimur S. (2016). Pakistanizing Pashtun: The linguistic and cultural disruption and re-invention of Pashtun. American University. p.72. Urdu which is the native language of only 7.57 per cent of Pakistanis (though widely spoken as the national language and lingua franca in Pakistan) dominates all other local languages; and Pashto which is the native language of 15.42 per cent of the total population has no official recognition beyond primary school...Despite its limited scope, the Pashto-medium schools were a success as the "achievement tests showed an improvement in Pashto medium schools as compared to Urdu medium schools". Nonetheless, the better results have so far not motivated the government to introduce Pashto-medium schools at a larger scale in Pashtun populated areas. Afghan Monarchs: Sher Shah Suri, Amanullah Khan, Habibullah Khan, Amir Kror Suri. London: General Books. 2010. p.26. ISBN 9781156384251 . Retrieved 2010-09-26. Morgenstierne, Georg (1938). Indo-iranian Frontier Languages, by Georg Morgenstiern. Vol. II. Iranian Pamir Languages (yidgha-munji, Sanglechi-ishkashmi and Wakhi). W. Nygaard. Abdur Rahman Baba, Robert Sampson, and Momin Khan. The Poetry of Rahman Baba: Poet of the Pukhtuns. Translated by Robert Sampson and Momin Khan. Peshawar: University Book Agency, 2005. Private schools asked to introduce regional languages as compulsory subject". app.com.pk . Retrieved 28 September 2023.a b Morgenstierne, G. (1960). "Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans". Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society. 47: 49–57. doi: 10.1080/03068376008731684. Correction: An earlier version of this piece misattributed several lines of verse to Khushal Khattak and Ajmal Khattak. These have been removed or replaced. Himal Southasian regrets the errors. Pashto (2005). Keith Brown (ed.). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4. (40 million) Pashto literature ( Pashto: پښتو ليكنې) refers to literature and poetry in Pashto language. The history of Pashto literature spreads over five thousands years having its roots in the oral tradition of Tappa ( Pashto: ټپه/لنډۍ). However, the first recorded period begins in 7th century with Amir Kror Suri (a warrior poet). Later, Pir Roshan (1526–1574), who founded his own Sufi school of thoughts and began to preach his beliefs. He gave Pashto prose and poetry a new and powerful tone with a rich literary legacy. Khair-ul-Bayan, oft-quoted and bitterly criticized thesis, is most probably the first book on Sufism in Pashto literature. Among his disciples are some of the most distinguished poets, writers, scholars and sufis, like Arzani, Mukhlis, Mirza Khan Ansari, Daulat and Wasil, whose poetic works are well preserved. Akhund Darweza (1533–1615), a popular religious leader and scholar gave a powerful counterblast to Bayazid’s movement in the shape of Makhzanul Islam. He and his disciples have enriched the Pashto language and literature by writing several books of prose.

Poetry:: Khyber.ORG". www.khyber.org. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012 . Retrieved 10 May 2018. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link) Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. 6 April 2010. pp.845–. ISBN 978-0-08-087775-4. Rahman Baba (c. 1632 - c. 1706), one of the greatest Pashto poets of all time, whose works are as important to the Pashtun as William Shakespeare is to the English; his works are spiritual. [12] Jazab, Yousaf Khan. An Ethno-Linguistic Study of the Karlanri Varieties of Pashto. Pashto Academy, University of Peshawar. pp.342–343.

Pashto Romantic Poetry 

Sampson, Robert. "Abdu'l Rahmān Bābā: The Legacy of His Poetry in Expressing Divergent Islamic Theology in Pushtūn Society." M.A. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. Abdur Raḥmān Baba. "Rahman Baba: A Few Verses from His Deewan." Translated into English Rhyme by Hidayatullah Muhibkhel Arbab Mohmand. Khan remained true to his words but charted his own course in poetic expression. He stayed away from the Western sonnet like rhyming couplets called Ghazal in Pashto, Persian and Urdu poetry. Instead he focused on nazam, or poems that are narrative and descriptive in addition to rhyming.