There are no real rules to the process of learning vocabulary. Once you know the most basic words and phrases, all other words are fair game. a b Michael Bazyler (2016). Holocaust, Genocide, and the Law: A Quest for Justice in a Post-Holocaust World. Oxford University Press. pp.169–70. SODB2021 – Obyvatelia – Základné výsledky". www.scitanie.sk. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022 . Retrieved 25 August 2022. Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht 2020" (in German). Archived from the original on 12 July 2021 . Retrieved 13 January 2023.

As a written language, German is quite uniform; it differs in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland no more than written English does in the United States and the British Commonwealth. As a spoken language, however, German exists in many dialects, most of which belong to either the High German or Low German dialectal groups. The main difference between High and Low German is in the sound system, especially in the consonants. High German, the language of the southern highlands of Germany, is the official written language. High German (Hochdeutsch) Rüger, C. (2004) [1996]. "Germany". In Bowman, Alan K.; Champlin, Edward; Lintott, Andrew (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: X, The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C. – A.D. 69. Vol.10 (2nded.). Cambridge University Press. pp.527–28. ISBN 978-0-521-26430-3. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Germany has a civil law system based on Roman law with some references to Germanic law. [139] The Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) is the German Supreme Court responsible for constitutional matters, with power of judicial review. [140] Germany's supreme court system is specialised: for civil and criminal cases, the highest court of appeal is the inquisitorial Federal Court of Justice, and for other affairs the courts are the Federal Labour Court, the Federal Social Court, the Federal Fiscal Court and the Federal Administrative Court. [141] Main articles: German question, German Confederation, Unification of Germany, German Empire, and German colonial empire The German Confederation in 1815The largest internationally operating media companies in Germany are the Bertelsmann enterprise, Axel Springer SE and ProSiebenSat.1 Media. Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, with some 38million TV households. [281] Around 90% of German households have cable or satellite TV, with a variety of free-to-view public and commercial channels. [282] There are more than 300 public and private radio stations in Germany; Germany's national radio network is the Deutschlandradio and the public Deutsche Welle is the main German radio and television broadcaster in foreign languages. [282] Germany's print market of newspapers and magazines is the largest in Europe. [282] The papers with the highest circulation are Bild, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Die Welt. [282] The largest magazines include ADAC Motorwelt and Der Spiegel. [282] Germany has a large video gaming market, with over 34 million players nationwide. [283] The Gamescom is the world's largest gaming convention. [284] Mallory, J. P. (1991). "Germans". In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language Archeology and Myth. Thames & Hudson. pp.84–87. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021 . Retrieved 23 December 2020. After centuries of political fragmentation, a sense of German unity began to emerge in the 18th century. [24] The Holy Roman Empire continued to decline until being dissolved altogether by Napoleon in 1806. In central Europe, the Napoleonic wars ushered in great social, political and economic changes, and catalyzed a national awakening among the Germans. By the late 18th century, German intellectuals such as Johann Gottfried Herder articulated the concept of a German identity rooted in language, and this notion helped spark the German nationalist movement, which sought to unify the Germans into a single nation state. [38] Eventually, shared ancestry, culture and language (though not religion) came to define German nationalism. [31] The Napoleonic Wars ended with the Congress of Vienna (1815), and left most of the German states loosely united under the German Confederation. The confederation came to be dominated by the Catholic Austrian Empire, to the dismay of many German nationalists, who saw the German Confederation as an inadequate answer to the German Question. [43]

Berlin is the sole constitutional capital and de jure seat of government, but the former provisional capital of the Federal Republic of Germany, Bonn, has the special title of "federal city" ( Bundesstadt) and is the primary seat of six ministries. [2] Burchard, Gretha (April 2010). "The German Population in Mexico: Maintenance of German culture and integration into Mexican society" (PDF). p.1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 May 2021 . Retrieved 12 June 2021. the German embassy in Mexico City reports an estimated number of 15.000 Germans and 75.000 people of German origin living in Mexico Bade, James N. (2015). "Germans". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021 . Retrieved 14 April 2021. In the early 2000s, about 200,000 New Zealanders were likely to have German heritage.Formal unification of Germany into the modern nation-state was commenced on 18 August 1866 with the North German Confederation Treaty establishing the Prussia-led North German Confederation later transformed in 1871 into the German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was in turn transformed into the semi-presidential Weimar Republic. The Nazi seizure of power in 1933 led to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship, World War II, and the Holocaust. After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of Allied occupation, in 1949, Germany as a whole was organized into two separate polities with limited sovereignty: the Federal Republic of Germany, generally known as West Germany, and the German Democratic Republic, known as East Germany, while Berlin continued its de jure Four Power status. The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community and the European Union, while the German Democratic Republic was a communist Eastern Bloc state and member of the Warsaw Pact. After the fall of communist led-government in East Germany, German reunification saw the former East German states join the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990. Popular German dishes include brown bread and stew. Germans consume a high amount of alcohol, particularly beer, compared to other European peoples. Obesity is relatively widespread among Germans. [50] Bowman, Alan K.; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (2005). The crisis of empire, A.D. 193–337. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol.12. Cambridge University Press. p.442. ISBN 978-0-521-30199-2. Main articles: History of Germany (1945–1990), Allied-occupied Germany, West Germany, and East Germany A map of Germany in 1947, following the end of World War II, including American, Soviet, British, and French occupation zones and the French-controlled Saar Protectorate. Territories east of the Oder-Neisse line were transferred to Poland and the Soviet Union under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. [90]