You will be able to choose from a huge number of tests that are assigned to several categories. The vast majority of tests are for free. Your results will be evaluated and saved so you will be able to review your mistakes later. At the moment, our application, which we continually expand and refine, covers the following thematic areas: The written form of communication is perhaps the most problematic area of language learning for non-native English speakers. The English Writing System When an ‘e’ is sounded, it usually denotes that the word is of foreign extraction, for example, when using an accent on words such as ‘cafe’. Explore this section further to learn more about English punctuation and genre, form and register in English writing.

The hyphen is a punctuation mark used in English writing that is used to keep two words or phrases together. It shows the reader that two words are linked, whether that is to create a new word or simply to aid clarity. Other examples include ‘ph’ sounding like ‘f’ (e.g. the diagraph ‘ph’ in ‘telephone’ and ‘graph’ perform the same function as the ‘f’ in ‘golf’ and ‘beef’ and ‘yourself’). The the words ‘bough’, ‘trough’, through’, thorough’, ‘enough’ all contain the letters ‘ough’ yet have a different pronunciation. This can seem very confusing and illogical to EFL learners. English has relatively complicated spelling rules because of the complex history of the English language. wprowadzić treść do sprawdzenia. Jeśli tekst jest długi, warto przełączyć widok na tryb pełnoekranowy, używając przycisku „Pełny ekran”;

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The Old-English professor’– without the hyphen it could mean the ‘English professor’ is old (we could also mean the old professor is from England), when we really want to talk about a professor who is a specialist in ‘ Old English‘.

Discover how the English writing system was shaped by England’s history in our History of English section. Rarely, a single letter is used to represent multiple sounds. A useful example of this is the letter ‘x’, which normally represents the two letters ‘ks’ when sounded together, for example in the word ‘expect’. The diagraph ‘gh’ in English orthography can be used in many circumstances with different pronunciations, however, such as in the words ‘high’, ‘through’ and ’borough’. The last two words here are part of the notorious ‘ough’ letter combination. Ough WordsEnglish orthography is the alphabetic spelling system used by the English language. English orthography uses a set of rules that governs how speech is represented in writing. If we had not used the hyphen, it could mean that the pub’s ‘world charm’ is old. In other words, it can sometimes difficult to tell which words are the adjectives if we don’t use hyphens. Hyphens are also used with compound verbs, that is verbs that are made up of two or more words. These compound verbs are often creative and humorous. For example: ‘she fast-talked her way out of the situation’. Spelling may also be used to distinguish between English homophones (words with the same pronunciation but different meanings). The English language has quite a weak connection between the written form of a word and the spoken form of that word. For example, the letter combination ‘ough’ can be pronounced in many different ways depending on the rest of the letters surrounding it.