It’s believed that carvacrol targets the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and increases membrane permeability, thereby causing depletion of harmful bacteria. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, carvacrol also interferences with certain pathways for bacterial iron handling, which helps lower side effects of iron therapy. 4. Helps Treat Athlete’s Foot

Use a medium sized bowl. To get the oil and vinegar to incorporate well, use a medium-sized bowl to allow for enough movement of the whisk. Trust us, we’ve done it in small bowls before and it’s almost impossible to get the oil and vinegar to meld! Kutzli, I.; Griener, D.; Gibis, M.; Grossmann, L.; Baier, S.K.; Weiss, J. Improvement of emulsifying behavior of pea proteins as plant-based emulsifiers via Maillard-induced glycation in electrospun pea protein–maltodextrin fibers. Food Funct. 2020, 11, 4049–4056. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] By evaluating various markers in the sciatic nerve in mice, it was observed for the first time that carvacrol decreased the pro-inflammatory response in mice being treated by MTX. Being a relatively new concept in the research world, it’s likely that there will be more studies testing these results because “groundbreaking” doesn’t even begin to describe the significance of this potential oregano health benefit. Itzel Peña-Vázquez, G.; Dominguez-Fernández, M.T.; Dianey Camacho-Zamora, B.; Hernandez-Salazar, M.; Urías-Orona, V.; De Peña, M.-P.; de la Garza, A.L. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion impacts bioaccessibility and bioactivity of Sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis) phenolic compounds. J. Funct. Foods 2022, 88, 104891. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Essential oils (EOs), derived from aromatic plants, are volatile oily liquids mainly composed of terpenoids and phenolic acids ( da Silva et al., 2021). They have been used since ancient times in different cultures due to their bioactive properties. Some of the most reported properties of EOs are their antibacterial ( Nazzaro et al., 2013), antifungal ( D'agostino et al., 2019), antiviral ( Ma and Yao, 2020), and antioxidant ( Leyva-López et al., 2017) activities, mainly due to the disruption of bacterial and fungal membranes and viral envelops ( Böhme et al., 2014). Nevertheless, some characteristics like immunomodulatory and anticancer activities are recently being reported, highlighting the potential use of EOs in the biomedical field ( Bhalla et al., 2013; Böhme et al., 2014). For these reasons, in the last decades, it has emerged a great interest in their use in biotechnology, for example, in foods and cosmetics, and in the biomedical field, in which their excellent properties provide a great therapeutic potential ( Böhme et al., 2014; Aljaafari et al., 2021). However, stability and bioactivity can be compromised by their natural volatility, low water solubility, and external factors, which have detrimental effects on the overall acceptability of the developed product ( Turek and Stintzing, 2013).

Introduction

Gharsallaoui, A.; Saurel, R.; Chambin, O.; Voilley, A. Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) protein isolate stabilized emulsions: A novel system for microencapsulation of lipophilic ingredients by spray drying. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2012, 5, 2211–2221. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Oregano ( Origanum vulgare) is an herb that is a member of the mint family ( Labiatae). It has been considered a precious plant commodity for over 2,500 years in folk medicines that originated across the globe.

The change of droplet zeta-average diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of the formulated oil-in-water emulsions during storage. Data represent average values ± standard deviation of 10 replicates from each sample. There were no statistical differences during the storage ( p> 0.05). Sample Code

Supplementary Material

Chitosan was used by Espinosa-Sandoval et al. (2021) to prepare OEO-loaded multilayer nano-emulsions by high energy methods ( Espinosa-Sandoval et al., 2021). In this study, octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch combined with partially deacetylated chitosan of medium and low molecular weight and carboxymethylcellulose was used to protect OEO in a multilayer system. Interestingly, using an in vitro gastric condition simulating test, the authors showed that each polymeric layer influenced OEO bioaccessibility, obtaining the highest value for the three-layer system. Spherical polymeric NPs based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan loaded with OEO have also been prepared by electrospraying ( Vehapi et al., 2020). Results demonstrated that the encapsulation of OEO and the presence of chitosan led to a superior antifungal effect of the nanoencapsulated system compared to free OEO.

To improve the antibacterial effect of thymol, different nanocarriers have been developed. An example is that of biodegradable PLA NPs developed by Marcet et al. (2018). PLA was found to be the key variable in optimizing NP preparation in terms of size and encapsulation efficiency, producing NPs with high storage stability at several pHs and improved antimicrobial properties compared to non-encapsulated thymol. In other studies, thymol was loaded into intrinsic antibacterial chitosan silver NPs showing interesting antioxidant properties through radical scavenging and antibacterial activity due to the three components against different gram-positive bacterial strains ( Manukumar et al., 2017). ConclusionsPiementel-Moral, S.; Teixiera, M.C.; Fernandes, A.R.; Arrae-Roman, D.; Martínez-Férez, A.; Segura-Carretero, A.; Souto, E.B. Lipid nanocarriers for the loading of polyphenols—A comprehensive review. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 260, 85–94. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

Lu, W.; Kelly, A.L.; Miao, S. Emulsion-based encapsulation and delivery systems for polyphenols. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2016, 47, 1–9. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Researchers reported a complete disappearance of Entamoeba hartmanni (four cases), Endolimax nana (one case) and Blastocystis hominis in eight cases. Gastrointestinal symptoms improved in seven of the 11 patients who tested positive for Blastocystis hominis, which tends to cause symptoms like nausea, gas, bloating and abdominal pain. 7. Helpful for Managing Inflammatory Conditions (such as IBD or Rheumatism) Munin, A.; Edwards-Lèvy, F. Encapsulation of natural polyphenolic compounds; A review. Pharmaceutics 2011, 3, 793–829. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] One study found that a combination of heat, salt and use of essential oils (including oregano) had inhibitory effects against mycelia of T. rubrum and conidia of T. mentagrophytes, bacterial strains that commonly cause the fungal infection known as athlete’s foot. Matešić, N.; Jurina, T.; Benković, M.; Panić, M.; Valinger, D.; Gajdoš Kljusurić, J.; Jurinjak Tušek, A. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Cannabis sativa L.: Optimization and kinetics study. Sep. Sci. Technol. 2021, 56, 2047–2060. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]Chávez, M.L.; Rodriguez, R.; Aguilar, C. Essential Oils: A Natural Alternative to Combat Antibiotics Resistance. In Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and New Antimicrobial Approaches; Kon, K., Rai, M., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016; pp. 227–235. [ Google Scholar] Munhuweyi, K.; Caleb, O.J.; van Reenen, A.J.; Opara, U.L. Physical and antifungal properties of β-cyclodextrin microcapsules and nanofibre films containing cinnamon and oregano essential oils. LWT 2018, 87, 413–422. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] You might have some experience cooking with fresh or dried oregano leaves — such as oregano spice, one of the top herbs for healing — but oregano essential oil is far from what you’d put in your pizza sauce.