Innocent World Tea Party in Vienna: Q&A (2013) at Jame World (archived version at archive, 14 August 2017 version) Robinson, K. (2014). Empowered Princesses: An Ethnographic Examination of the Practices, Rituals, and Conflicts within Lolita Fashion Communities in the United States (Thesis). Georgia State University. The Kawaii Ambassadors (Ambassadors of Cuteness)". Trends in Japan. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 11 August 2017. Although the origin of the fashion is unclear, at the end of the 1970s a new movement known as Otome-kei was founded, which slightly influenced Lolita fashion since Otome means maiden and maiden style looks like a less elaborated Lolita style. [18] Before Otome-kei emerged, there was already a rise of cuteness culture in the earlier seventies; during this period there was a strong emphasis on cute and childish handwriting in Japanese schools. [23] [24] [25] As a result, the company Sanrio began experimenting with cute designs. [26] The cuteness style, known as kawaii style, became popular in the 1980s. [27] [28] After Otome-kei, Do-It-Yourself behavior became popular, which led to the emergence of a new style called 'doll-kei', the predecessor of Lolita fashion. [29] [21] Gagné, Isaac (2008). "Urban Princesses: Performance and "Women's Language" in Japan's Gothic/Lolita Subculture". Journal of Linguistic Anthropology. 18: 130–150. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00006.x.

a b Kawamura, Yuniya (2012). "The Globalization of Japanese Subcultures and Fashion: Future Possibilities and Limitations". Fashioning Japanese Subcultures. pp.126–135. doi: 10.2752/9781474235327/KAWAMURA0015. ISBN 9781474235327. a b Rahman, Osmud; Wing-Sun, Liu; Lam, Elita; Mong-Tai, Chan (2011). " "Lolita": Imaginative Self and Elusive Consumption". Fashion Theory. 15: 7–27. doi: 10.2752/175174111X12858453158066. S2CID 145769507. Many lolitas consider being photographed without permission to be rude and disrespectful; [109] [110] [111] however, some rules differ or overlap in different parts of this community. [112] Lolitas often host meetings in public spaces such as parks, restaurants, cafes, shopping malls, public events, and festivals. [113] Some meetings take place at members' homes, and often have custom house rules (e.g. each member must bring their own cupcake to the meeting). [114] Lolita meetings are thus a social aspect of the lolita fashion community, serving as an opportunity for members to meet one another. [ citation needed] Many lolitas also used to use Livejournal to communicate, but many have since switched to Facebook groups. [115] Terminology [ edit ] Gatlin, Chancy J. (2014). The Fashion of Frill: The Art of Impression Management in the Atlanta Lolita and Japanese Street Fashion Community (Thesis). Georgia State University.Onohara, N. (2011). "Japan as fashion: Contemporary reflections on being fashionable". Acta Orientalia Vilnensia. 12 (1): 29–41. doi: 10.15388/AOV.2011.0.1095. Lolita Fashion". The Paris Review. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017 . Retrieved 6 August 2017. Kawamura, Yuniya (2012). "Individual and Institutional Networks within a Subcultural System: Efforts to Validate and Valorize New Tastes in Fashion". Fashioning Japanese Subcultures. pp.99–114. doi: 10.2752/9781474235327/KAWAMURA0012. ISBN 9781474235327. Resistance and Self-Expression: Fashion's Power in Times of Difference". notjustalabel.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019 . Retrieved 3 May 2020. Many of the very early lolitas in the 1990s hand-made most of their clothing, and were inspired by the Dolly Kei movement of the previous decade. [31] Because of the diffusion of fashion magazines people were able to use lolita patterns to make their own clothing. [ citation needed] Another way to own lolita was to buy it second-hand. [104] The do-it-yourself behaviour can be seen more frequently by people who cannot afford the expensive brands. [105]

Shoichi Aoki Interview (2003) founder of the street fashion magazine FRUiTS at ABC Australia (archived version at archive, 14 August 2017 version) De opkomst van de mangacultuur in België. Een subcultuuronderzoek., Lora-Elly Vannieuwenhuysen, p. 48, KU Leuven, 2014–2015. a b c d e f g Atkinson, Leia (2015). Down the Rabbit Hole: An Exploration of Japanese Lolita Fashion (Thesis). University of Ottawa. doi: 10.20381/ruor-4249. hdl: 10393/32560. a b Koma, K. (2013). "Kawaii as Represented in Scientific Research: The Possibilities of Kawaii Cultural Studies". Hemispheres, Studies on Cultures and Societies (28): 103–117. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017 . Retrieved 10 February 2018. Staite, S. Abigail (2012). Lolita: Atemporal Class-Play With tea and cakes (Thesis). University of Tasmania.

Coombes, K. (2016). Consuming Hello Kitty: Saccharide Cuteness in Japanese Society (Thesis). Wellesley College. About Metamorphose". Metamorphose. Archived from the original on 23 September 2004 . Retrieved 25 February 2018.