PDF / EPUB File Name: Welfare_for_Markets_-_Anton_Jager_Jager.pdf, Welfare_for_Markets_-_Anton_Jager_Jager.epub Welfare for Markets exposes the neoliberal links of basic income, and helps to explain why it is not a useful demand for the left, argues Dominic Alexander The Animal Welfare Act 2006 is the principal law relating to animal welfare, protecting all vertebrate animals. Welfare economics is the study of how the structure of markets and the allocation of economic goods and resources determine the overall well-being of society.

Put so simply, the idea has a certain intuitive appeal. Yet Friedman’s proposal dovetailed felicitously with several key intellectual developments of the period. The economics profession of the interwar period had been deeply shaped by the “socialist calculation debate” over the possibility of a directly planned economy that erupted in the wake of World War I. In their defense of a free market price system, many economists began to stress its unique capabilities of coordination and efficiency. The field moved to increasingly hardline opposition to collective or state-led determination of needs: instead, welfare—in the sense of preference satisfaction—would have to emerge spontaneously from the aggregated choices of individual consumers. Many maintained that the radical incommensurability of individual desires gave economics no scientific basis on which to advocate income redistribution. By the late 1930s these propositions had become axiomatic for the Anglo-American “neoclassical” mainstream, so much so that even left-leaning economists in this period began to endorse the ultimate efficiency of the price system. Socialist planners, economists such as Oskar Lange and Abba Lerner suggested, should merely build in targets and objectives into prices, and then leave the clearing and equilibrating processes of the market well enough alone. The free market, fueled by intense competition has provided society with innumerable wealth and amenities. Intense competition forces businesses to provide the best at the lowest prices. Competition requires someone to lose for another to win. What happens to the businesses that lose and don't make it? Or the workers who were laid off so a company could become more efficient? The aim of this legislation is to ensure a high standard of welfare for all animals passing through markets.

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Later chapters of Welfare for Markets continue to dissect the theory of UBI as it fluctuated over the course of the Reagan, Clinton, Bush and Obama years. They show how the European version of the concept was far different, centering on the Netherlands as their case study. The book also shows how international development thinking—long dominated by the neoliberal Washington Consensus that is itself an expansion of the ‘50s era (and highly paternalist) modernization theory—has shifted to an embrace of UBI as a possible solution for the Global South. This is particularly useful in 2023, as it is now obvious to every serious person that pushing for the South to emulate the North and develop a fossil fuel-driven industrial economy would be suicidal for humanity at large. We must have a way for the Global South to respond to and overcome searing poverty that does not rely on releasing carbon or clear cutting forests: enter UBI and its flexible delivery of welfare without the welfare state. mishandle animals at market - this includes in ways such as lifting, dragging, suspension clear of ground, tying or muzzling calves or improperly tying poultry Local authorities and APHA officials additionally have powers that can be used in markets and other animal gatherings under the Animal Welfare Act which include: Progressive advocates of basic income must bear the burden of explaining why it will not naturalize a deference to individuals and markets that prevents a meaningful collective answer to these emergencies, but it is essential to recognize that what stands in the way of their robust vision is precisely what stands in the way of the less marketized future Jäger and Zamora appear to want. Loosening the yoke of market compulsion through any instrument—in cash or in kind, through transfer or through contract, via the workplace or the state—will require enough power to overcome the same entrenched interests. Pace John Maynard Keynes, who thought that “the power of vested interests” was “vastly exaggerated compared with the gradual encroachment of ideas,” the world is ruled by little else. To transport live animals into the EU, in addition to holding UK documents, UK transporters must apply to an EU member state for a transporter authorisation.

The Kaiser Foundation/Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. " The Impact of the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP): What Does the Research Tell Us?" What is the definition of welfare in economics? There are a few terms that contain the word "welfare", and it can be confusing. Since 2008, the wealthy capitalist countries of the Global North have been battered with compounding economic catastrophes—recessions, housing shortages, unemployment issues, offshoring, climate effects, cost of living crises and the pandemic—for which they seem to have no genuine, sustainable answer. Our prevailing macroeconomic theories repeatedly come up short in their responses. There remains one possible solution that might winch the economy out of the deep rut that decades of poor policies and financialization have dug for it that would also preserve the basic framework of capitalism: universal basic income (UBI). Hence the late Roman republic had to institute grain distributions to support the urban ‘proletariat’, and demands for land reform were taken up by some popular leaders. However, none of this, from the Gracchi to Thomas More’s Utopia,should be considered as part of the intellectual lineage of basic income, argue the authors, pointing out that all of these supposed antecedents were part of an altogether different discourse around questions of the distribution of land.Under the Act, owners and keepers have a duty of care to their animals and must make sure they meet their needs: Market operators must ensure young animals have covered accommodation when they are at market. This rule applies to: Curiously, the authors of Welfare for Markets appear to accept some of these positions, referring at one point to the left’s ‘workerist dogma’ (p.95), perhaps because they see neoliberalism as having fundamentally changed society, making it more atomised and marketised, and so hostile to the values of the social-democratic welfare state. However that may be, it is no dogma to see labour as being key to capitalism and the struggle against it. Gorz’s railing against ‘workerism’ is particularly misplaced; regardless of how people ‘define themselves’, for the great majority of people, work remains life-defining, whether we like it or not. The victories of neoliberalism have meant, worldwide, a decline in working conditions in sector after sector, with pay stagnating in the long term for most, and hours worked increasing.

Work itself increasingly came under scrutiny, as in the Austrian-French theorist André Gorz’s best-selling Farewell to the Working Class (1980), which famously proclaimed that “productive activity” had “been emptied of its meaning, its motivations, and its object,” and that the present goal ought to be “to free oneself from work.” To this emergent “postwork” left, an unconditional cash transfer free of work requirements, with which each individual could do precisely as they wished, offered a possible horizon of individual autonomy and creativity beyond labor itself. Inspired in part by Gorz, the new Political Party of Radicals in the Netherlands proclaimed its support for a basisinkomen in 1982 , and a year later the self-proclaimed “Dutch Council against the Work Ethic” held an “anti-May Day” protest in defiance of corporatist trade unions and the work ethic. From Gracchi to Trump, leftists to rightists, monarchists to republicans, legalists to revolutionaries, one idea has been supported by these diverse thinkers, politicians and philosophers in some form or at some time. It is the idea of guaranteeing minimal income to all citizens. It was utopian in poor societies, it is feasible in today's rich societies, and it already exists in some variation. But can it be pushed further, to include all and be delivered regardless of circumstances? Anton Jäger and Daniel Zamora take us into an intellectual journey on which we shall meet almost every thinker we know, but they will be, most of the time, traveling with rather unexpected intellectual companions. Enjoy the ride!"

Welfare in Economics - Key takeaways

This remains the contrast with more recent figures as well. Thomas Spence’s plans, for example, involved the abolition of private property in land. Modern notions of a basic income are quite distinct from all these examples, precisely because they do not involve challenging the structure of property in any way, while Paine, Spence and others were concerned at least to abolish t If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about. APHA will respond within 15 working days to confirm if the transporter is authorised for the species of animal. APHA will not provide any additional details or copies of documents. Vehicle inspection and approval scheme

Updated to clarify that transport documents can be issued in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man. Added a link to further government guidance on transporting and caring for animals in extreme weather. If you have an Irish certificate of competence, you can apply to APHA by completing an application form. You’ll need to provide a copy of your training and assessment, and your valid certificate of competence.To transport animals by road, you'll also need the following documents issued in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man: