MacFarlane School Gaelic Dictionary, published 1912. Available free online. Do you see a pattern emerging here? The Royal National Mod is an annual festival of events and competitions organised by An Comunn Gaidhealach to celebrate the linguistic and cultural heritage of the Highlands through music, song, dance, sport and drama.

Some 40 years later, the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge published a title called Leabhar a Theagasc Ainminnin ("A book for the teaching of names") in 1741, compiled by Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair. [1] Hopefully, one day we will get our dream come true and have our ideal dictionary, which will be bi-directional (Gaelic > English, English > Gaelic), have the unparalleled comprehensive coverage of Dwelly and be up-to-date in terms of vocabulary whilst at the same time respectful of traditional idioms and usage (some of us still use ‘domh’ and ‘féin’, you know, although we are dwindling in numbers). When you’re browsing titles online, it can be hard to tell the difference between different dictionaries. Not only are the titles similar, but also a title can change when the dictionary is reprinted, along with the cover design, and even the publisher. Because of this, I’ll identify the dictionaries in this blog post mainly by the last names of the authors.The 20th century in Gaelic lexicography was ushered in by the publication of Edward Dwelly's Illustrated Gaelic English Dictionary, which was partly based on a previous dictionary but supplemented by extensive material from other sources and Dwelly's own fieldwork. [1] It remains the dictionary seen as the most authoritative to this day. Various other small to medium dictionaries followed. Others are lists of specialty vocabulary, including for example the names of Gaelic plants which have faded from use as people have ceased to use the plants themselves for nutrition, medicine, and dyes: A Mhìcheil, a charaid, to answer your question about hyphenation (at least in part), here is my summary, based on years of observation and experience: I still like to use my big old Dwelly as a book, when I’m working at my desk rather than pc – a rich resource and fascinating to wander through at random. Only G>E, so most useful when reading old or difficult texts. Dictionary of terminology relevant to the Scottish Parliament, English – Gaelic and Gaelic – English. It is available online:

The dictionary lists most of the same information as Renton and MacDonald for nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions, albeit in a more condensed form, and also contains appendices with lists of common Gaelic personal names and placenames, the definite article, regular and irregular verbs, and prepositional pronouns. One more important thing to note, Michael Bauer has actually recently developed a method of Gaelic hyphenation for apps — sorry Michael, I’ve forgotten the details which you told me! — and I still need to review and figure out how to install in my copy of InDesign! So it would be accurate to say that Michael himself has developed a set of logical and coherent rules for hyphenation in Gaelic. However, those rules are not incorporated into GOC (Gaelic Orthographic Conventions). I hope that some day they will be! Reply Gaelic Names of Beasts, Birds, Fishes, Insects, Reptiles etc. by Alexander Forbes - ( digitised version at National Library of Scotland) The Scottish Historical Library by W. Nicolson, containing on p. 334–346 A Vocabulary of the Irish Dialect, spoken by the Highlanders of Scotland; collected by Mr. KirkThe dictionary will document fully the history of the Scottish Gaelic language and culture from the earliest manuscript material onwards, [7] placing Scottish Gaelic in context with Irish and Lowland Scots, and it will show the relationship between Scottish Gaelic and Irish. [ citation needed] Here is how some highly respected Gaelic teachers have reviewed the dictionary (I have chosen not to include their names): Thanks for the very useful survey, but you’re rather severe on MacLennan. Certainly it would be better for beginners had he separated different senses of a source-language word (eagle), or documented his sources on a word-by-word basis (obsolete, current, etc), but to do so would have increased the time required. It is possible that beginners were not his main target audience. Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum - A Dictionary of the Gaelic Language Highland Society of Scotland 1828 Colmcille supports the promotion of Gaelic and Irish in Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, and it strengthens the ties between these countries. The organisation is funded by the governments of the three areas.

SPELLING: This uses the older spelling ( it was published before the reforms, so there can be variations with the newer type of spelling: just one instance: my MacLennan quotes ” morning ” as maduinn, when all met occurrences with me have been ” madainn “; and a few other words, but not an overwhelming difference. If you are on a budget, an older used edition might suit your purpose depending on where you live and what you intend to do with Gaelic. Sutherland points out that the most recent edition, the 2011 edition titled Essential Gaelic Dictionary, “reflect[s] recent changes in the spelling conventions (as used in Scotland nowadays for schools, journalism etc). If you ever have to pass exams, this may be useful. Otherwise the previous [2004] edition is just fine, and extremely useful and usable.” As you may have realized by now, you can’t trust every Gaelic dictionary that you find on the internet, or even on the shelf of a bookstore. Most of the time, dictionary recommendations should come word-of-mouth from your Gaelic teacher. A partnership of the universities of Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Strathclyde and Sabhal Mòr Ostaig UHI is working to develop an authoritative, historical Gaelic dictionary comparable to the resources available for Scots and English through the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, the Scottish National Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary. Gaelic instructor Davine Sutherland reviewed the two unidirectional volumes, but her description and positive recommendation can apply equally to the combined volume:And for “dictionary,” MacLennan gives facalair – not the correct faclair. As far as can be determined, facalair is not, and never has been, a real Gaelic word. I have never even heard it used once in over 25 years. It is not in any other Gaelic dictionary, even Dwelly. It is possible that it could be an obscure term used in a single dialect that is now obsolete, but even in that case, it would not be helpful at all to Gaelic learners! (By the way, the Irish equivalent is foclóir, and as of the writing of this blog post, the earliest attestation in eDIL is in a 16th century manuscript.) Based in the Western Isles, Acair Earranta publish a wide range of Gaelic, English and Bilingual books. storto: see also stortò‎ storto (Italian) Origin & history From Latin extortus‎ ("extorted"). Surface analysis s- (pejorative prefix) + torto ("bent, twisted"). Doublet of estorto. Pronunciation IPA: [ˈs̪t̪ɔr̺.t̪o] Hyphenation: stòr|to…