Lusitanian raids and rebellions during Roman occupation required the construction of a wall around the settlement. During Augustus' reign, the Romans also built a great theatre; the Cassian Baths (underneath Rua da Prata); temples to Jupiter, Diana, Cybele, Tethys and Idea Phrygiae (an uncommon cult from Asia Minor), in addition to temples to the Emperor; a large necropolis under Praça da Figueira; a large forum and other buildings such as insulae (multi-storied apartment buildings) in the area between Castle Hill and the historic city core. Many of these ruins were first unearthed during the mid-18th century (when the recent discovery of Pompeii made Roman archaeology fashionable among Europe's upper classes). Contemporary [ edit ] The Treaty of Lisbon, which forms the constitutional basis of the European Union, was signed at the Jerónimos Monastery in 2007. Raposo, Frederico (7 August 2021). "Menos lares, mais alojamento local: como o centro histórico de Lisboa perdeu 8 mil habitantes em dez anos". Mensagem de Lisboa (in European Portuguese) . Retrieved 23 August 2023.

The city of Lisbon is rich in architecture; Romanesque, Gothic, Manueline, Baroque, Modern and Postmodern constructions can be found all over Lisbon. The city is also crossed by historical boulevards and monuments along the main thoroughfares, particularly in the upper districts; notable among these are the Avenida da Liberdade (Avenue of Liberty), Avenida Fontes Pereira de Melo, Avenida Almirante Reis and Avenida da República (Avenue of the Republic). A curious aspect of the official design is the absence of a segment of the Tropic of Capricorn, between the national shield and the ecliptic arc. [4]Digital nomads in Portugal: Can they be blamed for a housing crisis?". euronews. 12 May 2023 . Retrieved 23 August 2023. The 25 de Abril Bridge, inaugurated (as Ponte Salazar) on 6 August 1966, and later renamed after the date of the Carnation Revolution, was the longest suspension bridge in Europe. [139] Historical Depictions of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake". Nisee.berkeley.edu. 12 November 1998. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011 . Retrieved 21 November 2010. Welcome to the official global voting platform of". New7Wonders. Archived from the original on 20 December 2009 . Retrieved 8 July 2009. The white inescutcheon is itself charged with five smaller blue shields ( escudetes) arranged like a Greek cross (1+3+1). Each smaller shield holds five white bezants displayed in the form of a saltire (2+1+2). The red bordure is charged with seven yellow castles: three on the chief portion (one in each corner and one in the middle), two in the middle points of each quadrant of the curved base (rotated 45degrees), and two more on each side of the bordure, over the flag's horizontal middle line. Each castle is composed by a base building, showing a closed (yellow) gate, on top of which stand three battlemented towers. [4] In heraldic terminology, the shield's blazon is described as Argent, five escutcheons in cross azure each charged with five plates in saltire, on a bordure gules seven towers triple-turreted Or, three in chief. a

Meeting Spotlight | The meeting planner destination resource". meetingspotlight.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020 . Retrieved 7 April 2020. The first heraldic symbol that can be associated with what would become the Portuguese nation was on the shield used by Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal since 1095, during his battles with the Moors. This shield consisted of a blue cross over a white field. [14] Nevertheless, this design has no reliable sources since it is a reconstruction that became popular and widely accepted thanks to the nationalistic purposes of the Estado Novo regime. [7] Central Intelligence Agency (2021). The CIA World Factbook 2021-2022. Simon and Schuster. p.3319. ISBN 978-1-5107-6382-1. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023 . Retrieved 14 January 2023.Cerca Moura de Lisboa afinal é romana", Francisco Nieves, publico.pt, 11 October 2001, archived from the original on 5 August 2020 , retrieved 15 April 2018 The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Lisbon, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 59 min. 11.5% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 14 min, while 23.1% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 6km, while 10% travel for over 12km in a single direction. [156] Car [ edit ] at the intersection of the lower edges of the ecliptic's posterior half and of the equator's anterior half ( dexter or viewer's left side); and In 2022, around 21.7% of the city's population is constituted by foreign nationals, with Brazilians being the largest resident foreign community, followed by Italians, French, Nepalis and Bangladeshis. Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world [6] and the second-oldest European capital city (after Athens), predating other modern European capitals by centuries. [7] Established by pre-Celtic tribes before and later Phoenicians, Julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia, [8] adding the term to the name Olissipo. After the fall of the Roman Empire it was ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century, most notably the Visigoths. Later it was captured by the Moors in the 8th century. In 1147 Afonso Henriques conquered the city and in 1255 became Portugal's capital, replacing Coimbra. [9] It has since been the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.