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The second qualitative research conducted by Carlsson and Gunningberg (2017) has two clearly stated objectives. The initial objective was to identify and describe different ways in which nurses understand unavoidable PUs in late palliative care. Then the second objective was to explore the expediency of the different levels of understanding the unavoidable PUs. The recruited participants were 8 nurses and 7 healthcare assistants (HCA) who work in various nursing homes and specialist palliative inpatient care units in Sweden. A purposeful sampling was also used f or recruiting the participants. The data was collected using a semi-structured interview which lasted between 20-45 minutes per participant. The interviews were tape-recorded and the data was transcribed and analysed using the phenomenological analysis steps. The study was approved by the regional ethical review board. The result of the study shows that the entire participant agreed that prevention of PUs in End of Life (EoL) care is worthwhile and that not all PUs in dying patients can be prevented and this reflects the topic that was reviewed. Peter, E. (2015) ‘The ethics in qualitative health research: special considerations’, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 20(9), pp.2625-2630. Parse R. R. (2001). Qualitative inquiry: The path of sciencing. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. [ Google Scholar] Essay to demonstrate an understanding of research methodologies and ethical principles underpinning research.

Footnotes

Kingdon C. (2005). Reflexivity: Not just a qualitative methodological research tool. British Journal of Midwifery, 13, 622–627. [ Google Scholar] An emic stance (an insider view which takes the perspectives and words of research participants as its starting point) but is influenced by the researcher not only because of subjectivity but also when a degree of interpretation occurs. Beauchamp, T. and Childress, J. (2012) Principles of biomedical ethics (5 th ED) New York: Oxford University Press. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Research Governance Policy. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/Media/Default/About/what-we-do/science-policy-and-research/research-governance-policy.pdf (Accessed: 22 July 2019). Data collection involves the use of data to understand and explain the phenomenon. The primary sources of data collection in qualitative description research are often semistructured in-depth interviews, but other methods are not discounted ( Stanley, 2015). Data collection methods in qualitative description designs can include interviews, focus groups, observation, or document review ( Colorafi & Evans, 2016). However, the use of interviews enables the researcher to explore issues with participants through encouraging depth and rigor, which facilitates emergence of new concepts/issues ( Doody & Noonan, 2013; Fetterman, 1998) and contributes to the “richness of data” required in qualitative description designs.