Zupan B, Bohanec M, Demsar J, Bratko I (1999) Learning by discovering concept hierarchies. Artif Intell 109:211–242 The Roots of Reference. Open Court Publishing Company ISBN 0-8126-9101-6 (developed from Quine's Carus Lectures).

Wille R (1982) Restructuring lattice theory: an approach based on hierarchies of concepts. Formal Concept Anal 83:445–470 As previously reported, in other occasions Quine used the term "neurology" instead of "empirical psychology". [31]Quine's proposal is controversial among contemporary philosophers and has several critics, with Jaegwon Kim the most prominent among them. [47] In popular culture [ edit ]

Keeping Quine’s naturalism and holism in mind, it is pretty clear why he rejects the main tenets of logical positivism. First, Quine points out the vagueness of what philosophers mean when they talk about ‘analytic statements’. The classic case of an analytic statement is “all bachelors are unmarried,” which is true by definition: since a bachelor is defined as an unmarried man, it could not be otherwise that bachelors are unmarried. But note that this relies on the idea that ‘bachelor’ has the same ‘meaning’ as the phrase ‘unmarried man’. But what is a ‘meaning’? It sounds like a mental phenomenon; and because Quine does not hold minds to exist, he is very skeptical about ‘meanings’. So in what sense do ‘meanings’ exist? Can they be paraphrased into behavioral terminology? Quine does not exactly rule it out, but is rather dubious. The first five sections of this paper were worked out in discussion with James Peter Thorne, without whose assistance they would not have been written. Their present form is in no small measure the product of our numerous and lengthy arguments over data generated from two quite different points of view. It should be said, however, that the responsibility for the conclusions and suggestions is entirely mine. While all seven types of essays follow the same introduction-body-conclusion structure, argumentative essays tend to be more complex to fit all the necessary components of a convincing argument. For example, you may want to dissect opposing points of view to strengthen your own argument, but where would you put that section? Before your argument? After? Intermingled throughout the essay with each new piece of evidence?C. Provide a thesis statement explaining your stance and why you feel that way (known as proposito and partitio )