Avoid the Greenwashing Trap: How Food Companies Can Build Trust and Transparency in Regenerative Agriculture Bodet, C., Chandad, F., and Grenier, D. Inhibition of host extracellular matrix destructive enzyme production and activity by a high-molecular-weight cranberry fraction. J Periodontal Res 2007;42(2):159-168. View abstract.

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Gotteland, M., Andrews, M., Toledo, M., Munoz, L., Caceres, P., Anziani, A., Wittig, E., Speisky, H., and Salazar, G. Modulation of Helicobacter pylori colonization with cranberry juice and Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 in children. Nutrition 2008;24(5):421-426. View abstract. Adult women with current UTI caused by Escherichia coli. Mean age (years): treatment group (32); control group 1 (30); control group 2 (29). Sobota AE. Inhibition of bacterial adherence by cranberry juice: potential use for the treatment of urinary tract infections. J Urol 1984;131:1013-6. View abstract. Ushijima K, Tsuruoka S, Tsuda H, Hasegawa G, Obi Y, Kaneda T, Takahashi M, Maekawa T, Sasaki T, Koshimizu TA, Fujimura A. Cranberry juice suppressed the diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes, but not in healthy human subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;68(2):194-200. View abstract.

Fanos, V., Atzei, A., Zaffanello, M., Piras, A., and Cataldi, L. Cranberry and prevention of urinary tract infections in children. J Chemother. 2006;18 Spec no 3:21-24. View abstract. Vidlar A, Student V Jr, Vostalova J, et al. Cranberry fruit powder (Flowens) improves lower urinary tract symptoms in men: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. World J Urol. 2016 Mar;34(3):419-24. View abstract. Related topics Research Supplements Proteins, peptides, amino acids Women's health Related products show Habash MB, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Reid G. The effect of water, ascorbic acid, and cranberry derived supplementation on human urine and uropathogen adhesion to silicone rubber. Can J Microbiol 1999;45:691-4. View abstract.

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Takahashi S, Hamasuna R, Yasuda M, Arakawa S, Tanaka K, Ishikawa K, Kiyota H, Hayami H, Yamamoto S, Kubo T, Matsumoto T. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the preventive effect ofcranberry juice (UR65) for patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. J Infect Chemother 2013;19(1):112-7. View abstract. Dr Mohammed Naveed Baig, GP and senior partner at Riverhouse Surgery commented: “Urinary tract infections have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and are responsible for a substantial proportion of antibiotic prescriptions in the community. ​ Tsukada, K., Tokunaga, K., Iwama, T., Mishima, Y., Tazawa, K., and Fujimaki, M. Cranberry juice and its impact on peri-stomal skin conditions for urostomy patients. Ostomy.Wound.Manage. 1994;40(9):60-68. View abstract. During the review phase of our study, the authors noted novel literature on the deliberate establishment of asymptomatic bacteriuria with a particular strain of Escherichia coli having a significant effect in reducing the rate of reported UTIs in patients with incomplete bladder emptying. This intervention has been termed “bacterial interference,” in which the bladder is intentionally colonized with low virulence bacteria. Interestingly, RCTs that have evaluated this intervention as a strategy for UTI prophylaxis have found bladder instillation to be highly effective, particularly in patients with neurogenic bladder. In a literature review conducted by Falcou et al., researchers found that bladder interference with non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (HU 2117 and 83972) was associated with statistically significant reductions in symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients with neurogenic bladder [ 43]. These findings suggest that bladder instillations may be the most effective way to colonize the bladder with beneficial microbes and reduce the colonization of uropathogens. Future researchers may choose to use this intervention in both neurogenic and non-neurogenic populations.

Conquy, S. [Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections?]. Prog Urol 2006;16(4 Suppl FMC):3-4. View abstract.

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Moen DV. Observations on the effectiveness of cranberry juice in urinary infections. Wisconsin Med J 1962;61:282-283. Fu Z, Liska D, Talan D, Chung M. Cranberry reduces the risk of urinary tract infection recurrence in otherwise healthy women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr. 2017 Dec;147(12):2282-88. View abstract. Basu, A., Betts, N. M., Ortiz, J., Simmons, B., Wu, M., and Lyons, T. J. Low-energy cranberry juice decreases lipid oxidation and increases plasma antioxidant capacity in women with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2011;31(3):190-196. View abstract.Rindone, J. P. and Murphy, T. W. Warfarin-cranberry juice interaction resulting in profound hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding. Am J Ther 2006;13(3):283-284. View abstract. One strength of our study is the use of a research question that is narrow in scope. Because of strict adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we were able to effectively identify and synthesize data that directly related to the population of interest. The authors and reviewers were parsimonious about defining the population of interest, the Avorn J, Monane M, Gurwitz J, Glynn R I, Choodnovskiy I, and Lipsitz L A. Reduction of bacteriuria and pyuria using cranberry juice. JAMA 1994;272(8):588-590.