John Keay (2000). India: A History. HarperCollins. p.131. ISBN 978-0-00-255717-7. [Rudradaman] was also a fine swordsman and boxer, and excellent horseman, charioteer and elephant-rider ... and far-famed for his knowledge of grammar, music, logic and 'other great sciences'. Lundberg, George D. (1983). "Boxing should be banned in civilized countries". Journal of the American Medical Association. Jama.jamanetwork.com. 249 (2): 249–250. doi: 10.1001/jama.1983.03330260068037.

Swarmer/in-fighter Henry Armstrong was known for his aggressive, non-stop assault style of fighting. Why head-guards in boxing isn't always best?". www.mskhealthcare.co.uk. 14 February 2019 . Retrieved 24 November 2022. Castellani, Rudy J. (24 April 2020). Handbook of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration. IOS Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-64368-064-4. Johnson, Brian; Neuberger, Thomas; Gay, Michael; Hallett, Mark; Slobounov, Semyon (December 2014). "Effects of Subconcussive Head Trauma on the Default Mode Network of the Brain". Journal of Neurotrauma. 31 (23): 1907–1913. doi: 10.1089/neu.2014.3415. PMC 4238241. PMID 25010992.There are four basic punches in boxing: the jab, cross, hook and uppercut. Any punch other than a jab is considered a power punch. If a boxer is right-handed (orthodox), their left hand is the lead hand and his right hand is the rear hand. For a left-handed boxer or southpaw, the hand positions are reversed. For clarity, the following assumes a right-handed boxer.

Sports People: Inside boxer's head". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 24 March 1981. p.2D. Di Virgilio, Thomas G.; Ietswaart, Magdalena; Wilson, Lindsay; Donaldson, David I.; Hunter, Angus M. (10 September 2019). "Understanding the Consequences of Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts in Sport: Brain Changes and Dampened Motor Control Are Seen After Boxing Practice". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 13: 294. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00294. PMC 6746992. PMID 31551732.Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Boxing (also known as "western boxing" or "pugilism") is a combat sport and a martial art [1] in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such as hand wraps and mouthguards, throw punches at each other for a predetermined amount of time in a boxing ring. John Noble Wilford (14 January 1983). "Physicians' Journal Calls for a Ban on Boxing". The New York Times. pp. A1, A23. Editorials in today's issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association urged the banning of boxing in light of new evidence suggesting the chronic brain damage was prevalent among fighters ... New evidence of the correlation between boxing and brain damage was reported in the journal by a team of Ohio doctors, led by Dr. Ronald J. Ross, a radiologist in Mayfield Heights, Ohio ... [The AMA] concluded that for the time being [banning boxing] 'is not a realistic solution.' Instead, urging stricter medical supervision of the sport, it recommended establishment of a National Registry of Boxers ... Another recommendation was that all states provide for a ringside physician who would be 'authorized to stop any bout'.

Safinia, Cyrus; Bershad, Eric M.; Clark, H. Brent; SantaCruz, Karen; Alakbarova, Naila; Suarez, Jose I.; Divani, Afshin A. (October 2016). "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes Involved with High-impact Sports". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology. 9 (2): 34–48. ISSN 1941-5893. PMC 5094259. PMID 27829969.

Wide, looping punches have the further disadvantage of taking more time to deliver, giving the opponent ample warning to react and counter. For this reason, the haymaker or roundhouse is not a conventional punch, and is regarded by trainers as a mark of poor technique or desperation. Sometimes it has been used, because of its immense potential power, to finish off an already staggering opponent who seems unable or unlikely to take advantage of the poor position it leaves the puncher in. The introduction of gloves of "fair-size" also changed the nature of the bouts. An average pair of boxing gloves resembles a bloated pair of mittens and are laced up around the wrists. [30] The first world heavyweight champion under the Queensberry Rules was "Gentleman Jim" Corbett, who defeated John L. Sullivan in 1892 at the Pelican Athletic Club in New Orleans. [32] Does Amateur Boxing Cause Brain Damage?". American Academy of Neurology. 2 May 2007. Archived from the original on 27 June 2007.

In 1997, the American Association of Professional Ringside Physicians was established to create medical protocols through research and education to prevent injuries in boxing. [98] [99] The earliest visual evidence of boxing comes from Egypt and Sumer both from the third millennium BC. [6] [7] A relief sculpture from Egyptian Thebes ( c. 1350 BC) shows both boxers and spectators. [7] These early Middle-Eastern and Egyptian depictions showed contests where fighters were either bare-fisted or had a band supporting the wrist. [7] The earliest evidence of use of gloves can be found in Minoan Crete ( c. 1500–1400 BC). [7]

Boxers also use punch/focus mitts in which a trainer calls out certain combinations and the fighter strikes the mitts accordingly. This is a great exercise for stamina as the boxer isn't allowed to go at his own pace but that of the trainer, typically forcing the fighter to endure a higher output and volume than usual. In addition, they also allow trainers to make boxers utilize footwork and distances more accurately. See also: Ancient Greek boxing and History of physical training and fitness A painting of Minoan youths boxing, from an Akrotiri fresco circa 1650 BC. This is the earliest documented use of boxing gloves. A boxing scene depicted on a Panathenaic amphora from Ancient Greece, circa 336 BC, British Museum Castellani, Rudy J. (June 2015). "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A paradigm in search of evidence?". Laboratory Investigation. 95 (6): 576–584. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.54. PMID 25867769. Stewart, W. F.; Gordon, B.; Selnes, O.; Bandeen-Roche, K.; Zeger, S.; Tusa, R. J.; Celentano, D. D.; Shechter, A.; Liberman, J. (15 March 1994). "Prospective study of central nervous system function in amateur boxers in the United States". American Journal of Epidemiology. 139 (6): 573–588. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117047. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 8172169. The Bittersweet Science: Fifteen Writers in the Gym, in the Corner, and at Ringside. University of Chicago Press. 2017. p.3.