Principal parts and the supine; Indirect statement; Future passive infinitive; Participles; Ablative absolute; Impersonal verbs and impersonal passive; Time clauses; Time clauses implying purpose or proviso; Cum clauses; Inverted cum clauses; Causal clauses; Concessive clauses; Paired and co-ordinated words; Conjunctions (1): connecting; Conjunctions (2): subordinating Insider magazine’s “ What to know about gender pronouns, how to use them and why they are important” written by Canela Lopez and published in 2021 and “ How to Use Gender Inclusive Language, and Why It’s Important” written by Kim Elsesser for Forbes provide good overviews of the discourse surrounding pronouns, and the social shift taking place. Lastly, we can get familiar with Title IX, which protects a student’s right to have educators use their preferred name and pronouns (with exemptions for some schools). To learn more about these rights, and about contributing to schools and Latin classrooms where all of our students can thrive, see the U.S. Department of Education’s factsheet, “Supporting Transgender Youth in School.” Becoming more informed about pronouns can feel overwhelming. Here is a curated list of resources arranged by subtopics related to pronouns and inclusive language.

Nota bene! This piece is part of our Diversity & Inclusion in the Latin Classroom series. Please let us know what you thought of this piece. A Guide to Using Pronouns and Other Gender-Inclusive Language in the Office” written by Stav Ziv for The Muse is about the workplace, but is very applicable to our school environments as well. The first thing we can do is to use non-gendered language when we have the opportunity. This requires us to examine common phrases that may have been “baked in” to how we interact with others, like “you guys,” “ladies and gentlemen,” and “boys and girls.” IstartedtoteachmyselfLatinattheendofyear10,andI'mcurrentlydoingtheALevelcourse,(year13,)althoughofcourseyoudon'thavetodoanyqualificationsifyoudon'twantto.

What legal/governmental resources are available to help me understand what rights and protections my students have at school?

A Guide to How Gender-Neutral Language Is Developing Around the World” written by Miriam Berger for the Washington Post discusses how several languages are adapting to be more inclusive. In fact, cisgender (i.e., non-transgender) students benefit too when we do away with constant implicit reminders that they are part of one group and not another, with all the expectations that come along with that. The gender style guide that is housed on Lupercal’s blog presents a framework for using inclusive language when speaking or writing Latin. The post is thoughtful, thorough, and presents explanations for the committee’s decisions on creating the style guide. I find this resource especially helpful if you have students who are interested in writing or speaking Latin and want to be gender-inclusive. On that note, we can also stay aware of the range of situations that transgender students may be navigating. Each person in their lives, such as various teachers, friends, family members, and school administrators, may send slightly different messages about whether they will be supportive and encouraging. The 2016 Time article “ Everything you ever wanted to know about gender neutral pronouns” written by Jacob Tobia is an informative, conversational read that walks you through common questions people have, and the author’s answers from their perspective as “a genderqueer advocate and media personality who has used gender-neutral pronouns for years.”

Salve!Firstofall,that'sawesomethatyou'redecidedtoteachyourselfLatin!It'ssouseful,contarytowhatmanypeopleseemtobelieve,andyou'llreallyenjoyit! Predicative dative; Gerunds and gerundives; The gerund; The gerundive; Gerundive looking like a gerund ('impersonal neuter gerundive of obligation'); Gerund changed into gerundive ('gerundival attraction'); Conditional sentences; Conditionals (1): open or unknown; Conditionals (2): closed or remote; Wishes and fears for the present and past; Use of quin and quominus, and verbs of preventing ; Conventions of extended narrative; Extended indirect speech (' oratio obliqua'); Subordinate clauses in indirect speech; Open or unknown conditionals in indirect statement; Closed or remote conditionals in indirect statement You can find the United Nations Toolbox for Gender Inclusive Language here. What academic resources are available to help me best understand how to use gender inclusive language in my classroom? We can also stay aware of the potential outcomes for students when they are not safe and supported at school. Whether we have the personal experience of being trans or not, we know that a student’s ability to learn and perform at their best in school is tied to their feeling supported and included (not questioned or shamed) for who they are. Givenyou'relearningitforthesakeoflearningitratherthanaspecificexamformat,it'sprobablyidealtomakeuseofavarietyofresourcestoeffectively"triangulate"themethodsandtextsthatworkbestforyou.Salve!Firstofall,that'sawesomethatyou'redecidedtoteachyourselfLatin!It'ssouseful,contrarytowhatmanypeopleseemtobelieve,andyou'llreallyenjoyit! Still, ISLAA’s exhibition programme, which will encompass up to eight shows a year, is designed to offer a more diverse sample of work rarely exhibited in the US, says newly appointed chief curator Bernardo Mosqueira. “There is incredible attention for geometric abstraction, as if this was the most important or the only kind of art that has been produced from this region,” he says. “One of the main missions that we have here at ISLAA is to highlight the diversity [of Latin American art] and also complicate the narratives that are already here” in New York.

Similarly, the Biden-Harris administration have published a Toolkit for Transgender Equality that provides guidance on how best to include, respect and validate gender diverse people.Similarly, Mercer Weaver’s blog post “ Limitless Latin Beyond the Gender Binary” presents their opinion on why pronouns matter, and why using traditional Latin pronouns is limiting and not meeting the needs of living people who love the language. Beginning at the beginning: Why do pronouns matter? What resources can help me better understand the conversation around pronouns and why “he/she” aren’t the only options? Jenn Jarnagin has taught Latin at the Episcopal School of Dallas in Dallas, TX for the past six years, and taught Latin for twelve years prior to that. She is passionate about making Latin fun and inclusive, and believes that every student deserves to see themselves reflected in her classes. Jenn utilizes research-based practices that help all students find success. In addition to her work in the classroom, Jenn also serves on the Finance Committee of ACL. She holds a B.A. from the Louisiana Scholars’ College at Northwestern State University, and an M.A. from Indiana University. Connect with Jenn at magistraj.blogspot.com

Use of cases; Verb tenses; Adjectives, adverbs, comparatives and superlatives; Direct questions; Relative clauses; More complex relative clauses; Connecting relative; Prepositions, prefixes and compounds; Present subjunctive; Jussive subjunctive; Wishes for the future; Potential subjunctive; Deliberative questions; Purpose clauses; Sequence of tenses (1); Direct commands; Indirect commands; Verbs of fearing; Perfect subjunctive; Result clauses; Indirect questions; Sequence of tenses (2); Periphrastic future (and future-in-the-past) subjunctive IstartedtousetheCambridgeLatinCoursetextbooks,aLatinteacher,whonowteachesme,gotintouvhwithme,(myfamilyknowsher,)andshesuggestedusingtheJohnTaylortextbooks.I'vecertainlyfoundthembrilliant,becausetheycovealldifferentstagesoflearningLatin,frombeginnersandupwards,anditwantthroughthegrammarattherightpaceforme,althoughthatmightbedifferentforyou,I'mnotsure.Also,theyincludeagreatbalanceofexplainationsofnewinformation,practicesentencesandlongerpassages,(whichwillbeveryusefulwhenyoustarttodoliteratureaswell.)To some readers, bringing attention to the gendered language we use may sound like common knowledge, and for some readers, it may feel like puzzling or uncharted territory. Some will ask why this matters, and it’s because we, as educators, care deeply about children and teenagers, and we strive to create classroom environments in which all of our students feel safe, supported and ready to learn.