January 1 – Czechoslovakia becomes the second Eastern European country to abandon its command economy. [6] January 7 – 1991 Haitian coup d'état: An attempted coup by the Tonton Macoute, a paramilitary force under former dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier, is thwarted in Haiti. [8] On July 30, he is convicted by a jury of attempting to overthrow the country's first democratically elected government. [ citation needed]

Clines, Francis X. (1991-03-04). "Latvia and Estonia Vote for Sovereignty". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-06-12. Oct 14 NY Rangers right wing Mike Gartner becomes 1st NHL player to score his 500th goal, 500th assist, and 1000th point all in the same season August 1991" redirects here. For the film, see August 1991 (film). The Warsaw radio mast after its collapse on August 8. August 19: The coup attempt in Moscow. History of the U.S. and Albania". U.S. Embassy in Albania. Archived from the original on March 19, 2021 . Retrieved 2021-02-02.

President of Algeria Chadli Bendjedid dismisses Prime Minister Mouloud Hamrouche following 11 days of protests against the government and replaces him with Sid Ahmed Ghozali. [143] [144] Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Journalist Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years of captivity as a hostage in Beirut – the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon. [303] [304]

A series of 55 tornadoes break out in the central U.S., killing 21. The most notable tornado strikes Andover, Kansas. [112] [113] Boris Yeltsin is elected President of the Russian SFSR; he officially begins his term on July 10. [148] Aug 15 Marietta Tree, American diplomat and ambassador (1st woman to serve as chief U.S. delegate to the UN in 1961), dies at 74 A 7.0 M w earthquake in Racha, Georgia, kills 270 people and leaves 100,000 others homeless. [116] [117]

Datasheets and Manuals

Airways (2016-12-04). "December 4, 1991: The Last "Clipper" Flight". Airways Magazine. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020 . Retrieved 2020-08-18.

Anatol Lieven (1994). The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence. Yale University Press. p.410. ISBN 978-0-300-06078-2.August 22 – Singing Revolution: Iceland becomes the first nation to recognize the independence of the Baltic states. It is followed by the U.S. on September 2 and the Soviet Union on September 6. [206] [207] Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet. The Soviet Union takes the first official steps to break up the U.S.S.R. during September of 1991 when the Congress of People’s Deputies voted for its dissolution. Beginning in the previous month, several Soviet republics started to declare their independence, with Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Armenia leaving in September. By the end of the year the dissolution became effective and the Soviet Union ceased to exist when Gorbachev resigned and was replaced by the new Russian government. September 15 – In the Swedish general election, the Social Democrats suffer their worst election results in 60 years, leading to the resignation of Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson. [226] [227] The experience of the Twentieth Century has undermined confidence in the state, and this has reinforced the contrary philosophy of liberal individualism against which Hobsbawm wishes to argue. To those of this contrary persuasion, not only has the state's potential for good hardly been fully realised, but also that economic growth has come in spite of the state. Certainly we have been left in no doubt of the malign role of the state when its means of violence are turned against its own people, or against another, equally endowed state, in a cataclysmic war.