Davoodi SH, Yousefinejad V, Ghaderi B, et al. Oral propolis, nutritional status and quality of life with chemotherapy for breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(6):2029-2037. View abstract.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report published on the antioxidant activity of Indian propolis extract and its chemical constituent's pinocembrin and galangin. In all the antioxidant assay systems, aqueous extract of propolis (AEP) showed higher activity compared to the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP). This may be due to its higher polyphenols content. So, AEP can be a good substitute of ethanol extract. Moreover, it can be used in prevention of various free radical related diseases. Galangin also showed comparable activity with that of AEP and EEP and highest activity than pinocembrin. This is due to structural differences between these two compounds. Further research is underway to analyze the constituents of AEP and their antioxidant activity [ 18].Studies of propolis indicate it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, immunomodulatory, and antitumor properties. Although many therapeutic compounds have been identified in propolis, there are no controlled clinical trials in humans to establish their efficacy in any of its uses. Propolis, however, is generally considered safe and nontoxic. It is commercially available in the form of capsules, mouthwash solutions, throat lozenges, powder and topical formulations such as ointments, creams, and lotions. Mohammad Ali B, Ghoname N, Hodeib A, Elbadawy M. Significance of topical propolis in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. Egypt J Dermatol Venerol. 2015;35(1):29. doi:10.4103/1110-6530.162468 Siro, B., Szelekovszky, S., Lakatos, B., and et al. [Local treatment of rheumatic diseases with propolis compounds]. Orv.Hetil. 6-23-1996;137(25):1365-1370. View abstract. Pina GM, Lia EN, Berretta AA, et al. Efficacy of Propolis on the Denture Stomatitis Treatment in Older Adults: A Multicentric Randomized Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:8971746. View abstract.

Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Propolis: A new frontier for wound healing? Burns & Trauma. 2015;3:s41038-015-0010-z. doi:10.1186/s41038-015-0010-zEsposito C, Garzarella EU, Bocchino B, et al. A standardized polyphenol mixture extracted from poplar-type propolis for remission of symptoms of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection (URTI): a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2021;80:153368. View abstract. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. Samadi N, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Rahmanian M, Askarishahi M. Effects of bee propolis supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile and insulin resistance indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Integr Med. 2017;15(2):124-134. View abstract. Hartwich, A., Legutko, J., and Wszolek, J. [Propolis: its properties and administration to patients treated for some surgical diseases]. Przegl.Lek. 2000;57(4):191-194. View abstract. Al Shaher, A., Wallace, J., Agarwal, S., Bretz, W., and Baugh, D. Effect of propolis on human fibroblasts from the pulp and periodontal ligament. J Endod. 2004;30(5):359-361. View abstract.

Dumitrescu, M., Crisan, I., and Esanu, V. [The mechanism of the antiherpetic action of an aqueous propolis extract. II. The action of the lectins of an aqueous propolis extract]. Rev Roum.Virol. 1993;44(1-2):49-54. View abstract. Martinez, Silveira G., Gou, Godoy A., Ona, Torriente R., and et al. [Preliminary study of the effects of propolis in the treatment of chronic gingivitis and oral ulceration]. Rev Cubana Estomatol. 1988;25(3):36-44. View abstract. Bretz WA, Paulino N, Nör JE, Moreira A. The effectiveness of propolis on gingivitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(12):943-8. View abstract. Korkina, L. G. Phenylpropanoids as naturally occurring antioxidants: from plant defense to human health. Cell Mol.Biol (Noisy.-le-grand) 2007;53(1):15-25. View abstract. Santos FA, Bastos EM, Uzeda M, et al. Antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;80:1-7. View abstract.

Ngatu NR, Saruta T, Hirota R, et al. Brazilian green propolis extracts improve Tinea pedis interdigitalis and Tinea corporis. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(1):8-9. View abstract. El-Sharkawy HM, Anees MM, Van Dyke TE. Propolis improves periodontal status and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2016;87(12):1418-1426. View abstract. Treatments Find every kind of best treatment near you, We British Chemist UK online pharmacy retailer and registered pharmacy with the MHRA and GPhC. Fukuda T, Fukui M, Tanaka M, et al. Effect of Brazilian green propolis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Biomed Rep 2015;3(3):355-60. View abstract.