Benkendorff K (March 1999). Bioactive molluscan resources and their conservation: Biological and chemical studies on the egg masses of marine molluscs (Thesis). University of Wollongong. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2007 . Retrieved 25 February 2008. Ramig K, Lavinda O, Szalda DJ, Mironova I, Karimi S, Pozzi F, etal. (June 2015). "The nature of thermochromic effects in dyeings with indigo, 6-bromoindigo, and 6,6′-dibromoindigo, components of Tyrian purple". Dyes and Pigments. 117: 37–48. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.01.025. McGovern, P. E. and Michel, R. H. "Royal Purple dye: tracing the chemical origins of the industry". Analytical Chemistry 1985, 57, 1514A–1522A The second time we have bought this felt. We use it for the figures for town centre flags and after being out in the open for months, the colours still stay strong and the material still looks good. An excellent buy and service. Chenciner, Robert (2000). Madder Red: A history of luxury and trade: plant dyes and pigments in world commerce and art. Richmond: Curzon Press. p.295.

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True Tyrian purple, like most high- chroma pigments, cannot be accurately rendered on a standard RGB computer monitor. Ancient reports are also not entirely consistent, but these swatches give a rough indication of the likely range in which it appeared: Cooksey CJ (2001). "Tyrian purple: 6,6'-dibromoindigo and related compounds". Molecules. 6 (9): 736–769. doi: 10.3390/60900736. PMC 6236399. Our felt fabric is great for a range of uses. Made from 100% polyester, this product boasts many benefits. It is perfect for all types of craft projects, display boards, school projects, Christmas decorations and much more.The lower one is the sRGB colour #990024, intended for viewing on an output device with a gamma of 2.2. It is a representation of RHS colour code 66A, [41] which has been equated to "Tyrian red", [42] a term which is often used as a synonym for Tyrian purple. Author Profile". Imperial-Purple.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011 . Retrieved 13 July 2011. Totally delighted with this felt fabric. Quality, colour and size all excellent. Very easy to work with too.

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Online Fabrics offer delivery to the whole United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, Republic or Ireland as well as a number of international destinations. Biological pigments were often difficult to acquire, and the details of their production were kept secret by the manufacturers. Tyrian purple is a pigment made from the mucus of several species of Murex snail. Production of Tyrian purple for use as a fabric dye began as early as 1200 BC by the Phoenicians, and was continued by the Greeks and Romans until 1453 AD, with the fall of Constantinople. In the same way as the modern-day Latin alphabet of Phoenician origin, Phoenician purple pigment was spread through the unique Phoenician trading empire. [1] The pigment was expensive and time-consuming to produce, and items colored with it became associated with power and wealth. This popular idea of purple being elite contributes to the modern day wide-spread belief that purple is a "royal color". The color of textiles from this period provides insight into socio-cultural relationships within ancient societies, in addition to providing insights on technological achievements, fashion, social stratification, agriculture and trade connections. [2] Despite their value to archaeological research, textiles are quite rare in the archaeological record. Like any perishable organic material, they are usually subject to rapid decomposition and their preservation over millennia requires exacting conditions to prevent destruction by microorganisms. [2]

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The colour name "Tyrian plum" is popularly given to a British postage stamp that was prepared, but never released to the public, shortly before the death of King Edward VII in 1910. [43] Gallery [ edit ] In 1909, Harvard anthropologist Zelia Nuttall compiled an intensive comparative study on the historical production of the purple dye produced from the carnivorous murex snail, source of the royal purple dye valued higher than gold in the ancient Near East and ancient Mexico. Not only did the people of ancient Mexico use the same methods of production as the Phoenicians, they also valued murex-dyed cloth above all others, as it appeared in codices as the attire of nobility. "Nuttall noted that the Mexican murex-dyed cloth bore a "disagreeable … strong fishy smell, which appears to be as lasting as the color itself." [31] Likewise, the ancient Egyptian Papyrus of Anastasi laments: "The hands of the dyer reek like rotting fish..." [32] So pervasive was this stench that the Talmud specifically granted women the right to divorce any husband who became a dyer after marriage. [33] Jacoby D (2004). "Silk economics and cross-cultural artistic interaction: Byzantium, the Muslim world, and the Christian west". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 58: 210, 197–240. doi: 10.2307/3591386. JSTOR 3591386. Some [ who?] speculate that the dye extracted from the Bolinus brandaris is known as argaman ( ארגמן) in Biblical Hebrew. Another dye extracted from a related sea snail, Hexaplex trunculus, produced a blue colour after light exposure which could be the one known as tekhelet ( תְּכֵלֶת), used in garments worn for ritual purposes. [11] Production from sea snails [ edit ] Two shells of Bolinus brandaris, the spiny dye-murex, a source of the dye

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Fabricland felt arrived fast and easy to embroider. A good range of colours and cheaper than other stores. a b Radwin, G. E.; D'Attilio, A. (1986). Murex shells of the world. An illustrated guide to the Muricidae. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p.93. 284pp incl 192figs. & 32pls.a b c d St Clair K (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. pp.162–164. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129. Variations in colors of "Tyrian purple" from different snails are related to the presence of indigo dye (blue), 6-bromoindigo (purple), and the red 6,6′-dibromoindigo. Additional changes in color can be induced by debromination from light exposure (as is the case for Tekhelet) or by heat processing. [36] The final shade of purple is decided by chromatogram, which can be identified by HPLC analysis in a single measurement: indigotin (IND) and indirubin (INR). The two are found in plant sources such as woad ( Isatis tinctoria L.) and the indigo plant ( Indigofera tinctoria L), as well as in several species of shellfish. [2]

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Gould AA (1853). "Descriptions of shells from the Gulf of California and the Pacific coasts of Mexico and California". Boston Journal of Natural History. 6: 374–408. ; see pp. 406–407. Note: Gould called this species Purpura pansa; it was later renamed Plicopurpura pansa. Cunliffe, Barry (2008). Europe between the Oceans: 9000BC – AD1000. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.241. A medieval depiction of the coronation of the Emperor Charlemagne in 800AD wearing royal blue. The bishops and cardinals wear Tyrian purple, and the Pope wears white. I bought my felt from here ‘blindly’ hoping it was suitable for lining a wooden box. Glad I did as i’m very happy with the price and quality.

a b Moorey P (1999). Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. p.138. ISBN 1-57506-042-6. Fantastic service, fast delivery and a good quality product. Great value for money. Definitely recommended. In 2021, archaeologists found surviving wool fibers dyed with royal purple in the Timna Valley in Israel. The find, which was dated to c. 1000 BC, constituted the first direct evidence of fabric dyed with the pigment from antiquity. [34] Murex purple production in North Africa [ edit ] The chemical structure of 6,6′-dibromoindigo, the main component of Tyrian purple For chemistry of Tyrian purple, see 6,6′-Dibromoindigo. Fabrics dyed in the current era from different species of sea snail. The colors in this photograph may not represent them precisely.