Hardy, Adam (1995) [1995]. Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation: the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries. New Delhi: Abhinav. ISBN 81-7017-312-4. Repair of Gorshkov's hull completed". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 October 2008. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011 . Retrieved 7 March 2011. INS Vikramaditya operationally deployed: Navy chief". The Hindu. 7 May 2014. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014 . Retrieved 7 May 2014.

INS Vikramaditya ( Sanskrit: Vikramāditya, Brave as the Sun) [note 1] is a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier and the flagship of the Indian Navy. Entered into service in 2013. [20]

GlobalData

According to Falk, the discrepancy can be explained satisfactorily, if we assume that the kālānuvarttamāna era denotes a system that restarts counting after a hundred years. The Yaksha figure inscription is dated to year 112 of the Gupta era (c. 432 CE), which corresponds to the kālānuvarttamāna year 5. Thus, the kālānuvarttamāna era used during Kumaragupta's time must have started in 432–5 = 427 CE. The years mentioned in the Buddhist image pedestal inscription also suggests that the epoch of this era was c. 426–427 CE. [23] Since the kālānuvarttamāna system restarts counting every 100 years, the kālānuvarttamāna era used during the reign of Chandragupta II must have started in 327 CE. Thus, the Mathura inscription can be dated to 327+61 = c. 388 CE. [24] While Falk's theory does not change the Gupta chronology significantly, it implies that the date of the Mathura inscription cannot be used to determine the beginning of Chandragupta's reign. [24] Prabhavati-gupta, the daughter of Chandragupta and Kuvera-naga, married the Vakataka king Rudrasena II, who ruled in the Deccan region to the south of the Gupta empire. [28] After her husband's death in c. 390, Prabhavati-gupta acted as a regent for her minor sons. [33] In the two copper-plate inscriptions issued during her regency, the names of her Gupta ancestors with their imperial titles appear before the name of the Vakataka king with the lesser title Maharaja. This suggests that the Gupta court may have had influence in the Vakataka administration during her regency. [28] Historians Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund believe that the Vakataka kingdom was "practically part of the Gupta empire" during her 20-year long regency. [33] The Vakatakas may have supported Chandragupta during his conflict with the Western Kshatrapas. [45] It is quite possible that Chandragupta passed through the Punjab region during this campaign: his political influence in this region is attested to by the use of the Gupta era in an inscription found at Shorkot, and by some coins bearing the name "Chandragupta". However, there is no evidence that Chandragupta annexed Punjab to the Gupta Empire, which suggests that Chandragupta's victory in this region was not a decisive one. There is little evidence of Gupta influence in Punjab after his reign: numismatic evidence suggests that Punjab was ruled by petty chieftains after his death. These chieftains bore Indian names, but issued coins that imitate the Kidarite coinage: they may have been Hinduized foreigners or Indians continuing the usage of foreign-style coinage. [38] Bengal region [ edit ] An extensive upgrade of sensors, including the addition of long-range air surveillance radars and advanced electronic warfare suite, enables the ship to create a surveillance bubble around the ship of more than 500km.

a b "Close-In Warfare System on INS Vikramaditya next year". The Tribune. 16 June 2014. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014 . Retrieved 16 June 2014. Tawney, Charles Henry, and Somadeva. 1880. The Kathá Sarit Ságara or Ocean of the Streams of Story. Calcutta: Thomas, Baptist Mission Press. OCLC 61964843. CHANGE AT THE HELM: VICE ADMIRAL AJAY KOCHHAR, AVSM, NM ASSUMES THE APPOINTMENT OF COMMANDANT NATIONAL DEFENCE ACDAEMY". pib.gov.in. 1 April 2022 . Retrieved 2 April 2022.The exact date of Chandragupta's victory is not known, but it can be tentatively dated to sometime between 397 and 409. [33] The last of the 4th century Kshatrapa coins – that of Rudrasimha III – can be dated to the Shaka year 310 or 319 (the coin legend is partially lost), that is 388 or 397. [29] Chandragupta's coins, dated to 409, are similar to the Kshtrapa coins, with the Shakas' Buddhist vihara symbol replaced by the Gupta symbol of Garuda. [33] Misses, waits & progress in naval missiles". Business Standard. 2 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013 . Retrieved 26 November 2013.

Mahadeva temple at Itagi (c.1112) Kalleshvara temple (c.1083) at Ambali Bhimeshvara temple at Nilagunda (c.1075-1100) Mallikarjuna temple at Kuruvatti temple (c.1070-1100) In May 2014, the carrier was declared operationally deployed along with its embarked air group comprising MiG-29Ks and had taken part in a war game conducted by the Western Naval Command. [97] [98] On 14 June 2014, the Prime Minister of India dedicated the carrier to the country. [99] a b c "INS Vikrant: India's New Carrier-Gorshkov-Vikramaditya: Aerial Complement". 10 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. According to the iron pillar inscription, Chandra was a devotee of Vishnu. [35] Chandragupta was also a Vaishnavite, and is described as a Bhagvata (devotee of Vishnu) in the Gupta records. [37] Gupta, Shishir (3 December 2008). "Gorshkov: Medvedev on his way, Centre okays price renegotiation". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 29 April 2009 . Retrieved 7 March 2011.a b c PTI (11 March 2010). "Gorshkov deal finalised at USD 2.3 billion". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013 . Retrieved 27 April 2013. Tod, James, and William Crooke. 1920. Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, or the Central and Western Rajput States of India. London: H. Milford, Oxford University Press. OCLC 4053976.

Kallesvara Swamy Temple". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 17 September 2014 . Retrieved 10 July 2012. The modifications also included replacement of 2,300km of old electrical cables with new cables, upgrades to bulbous bow, and replacement of distilling plants. The aft aircraft lift and ammunition lifts were also upgraded. Weaponry It is possible that a large part of the Bengal region was annexed to the Gupta empire by Chandragupta, and that this control continued into the 6th century. [39] The Delhi iron pillar inscription suggests that an alliance of semi-independent chiefs of Bengal unsuccessfully resisted Chandragupta's attempts to extend the Gupta influence in this region. [38] Personal life and matrimonial alliances [ edit ] Probable image of Chandragupta II, paying homage to Varaha, avatar of Vishnu, in Udayagiri Caves, circa 400. [40] The identification of Chandra with Chandragupta II also suggests Chandragupta achieved victories in the Vanga area in the present-day Bengal region. According to the Allahabad Pillar inscription of his father Samudragupta, the Samatata kingdom of the Bengal region was a Gupta tributary. The Guptas are known to have been ruling Bengal in the early 6th century, although there are no surviving records of the Gupta presence in this region for the intervening period. [38] India to pay more for Gorshkov". NDTV. 25 February 2008. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 – via YouTube.

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Kalakacharya Kathanaka, a work by Mahesara Suri, a Jain sage around the twelfth century C.E. may be the source of Vikramaditya's dates. The Kathanaka (meaning, "an account") tells the story of a famed Jain monk Kalakacharya. It mentions that Gardabhilla, the then powerful king of Ujjain, abducted a nun named Sarasvati, the sister of the monk. The enraged monk sought help of the Saka ruler, a Shahi, in Sakasthana. Heavily outnumbered, the Saka king defeated Gardabhilla with the aid of miracles, making him a captive. Sarasvati was repatriated. Gardabhilla was forgiven though. The defeated king retired to the forest where a tiger killed him. His son, Vikramaditya, raised in the forest, had to rule from Pratishthana (in modern Maharashtra). Later, Vikramaditya invaded Ujjain and drove away the Sakas. To commemorate that event he started a new era called the Vikrama Samvat. Sinha, Ajay (2000) [2000]. Imagining architects: creativity in the religious monuments of India. Cranbury: Associated University Press. ISBN 0-87413-684-9.