Heidenheim PA, Muirhead N, Moist L, Lindsay RM. Patient quality of life on quotidian hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(S1)(S1):S36-S41. Diagnosing diffuse myocardial fibrosis using T1 mapping and extracellular volume in the setting of hypertensive heart disease is anything but straightforward due to subtle elevations. In the absence of an accurately established local reference range, it is often difficult or even impossible to differentiate from normal individuals in the daily clinical environment. Products Section: Products Close Free Hex Editor Neo Hex Editor Neo Serial Monitor USB Monitor Network Monitor Device Monitoring Studio Device Monitoring Studio Server Virtual Serial Ports Remote Serial Ports Shared Serial Ports Network Serial Ports Virtual Serial Port Tools USB Monitoring Control Serial Port Monitoring Control Automated Serial Terminal Products Upgrades

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Weinhandl ED, Lie J, Gilbertson DT, Arneson TJ, Collins AJ. Survival in daily home hemodialysis and matched thrice-weekly in-center hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23(5):895-904. FHN Trial Group. In-center hemodialysis six times per week versus three times per week. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(24):2287-2300. All hemodialysis therapies also involve the use of medical devices that introduce the potential for additional risks including air entering the bloodstream, damage of red blood cells, inflammatory reactions, blood chemistry imbalances, blood loss due to clotting of the blood tubing set or accidental blood line disconnection or other leak, allergic reactions, and excess warming or cooling of the dialysate. In addition, dialysis patients may have other underlying diseases that may, in some cases, make it more difficult for them to manage their hemodialysis treatments. Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Gattobigio R, Bentivoglio M, Borgioni C, Angeli F, et al. Atrial fibrillation in hypertension: predictors and outcome. Hypertension 2003;41:218-23. Frohlich ED. Evaluation and management of the patients with essential hypertension. In: Parmley WW, Chatterjee K, eds. Cardiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott,1989;23:1-15.

Kraus MA, Cox CG, Summitt CL, et al. Work and travel in a large Short Daily Hemodialysis (SDHD) program. Abstract presented at American Society of Nephrology Annual Conference, 2007. Nwabuo C & Vasan R. Pathophysiology of Hypertensive Heart Disease: Beyond Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020;22(2):11. doi:10.1007/s11906-020-1017-9 - Pubmed Weinhandl ED, Nieman KM, Gilbertson DT, Collins AJ. Hospitalization in daily home hemodialysis and matched thrice-weekly in-center hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;65(1):98-108.

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In terms of left ventricle involvement, the categories selected have been the three main stages of the former concept of "hypertensive heart disease": response of ventricular myocardium begins with left ventricular hypertrophy (recognised either by electrocardiography or echocardiography); afterwards, diastolic dysfunction may appear, sometimes evolving to systolic dysfunction, despite that symptoms of heart failure may be similar. Despite a number of studies performed over the years, no comprehensive definition and no clinically meaningful classification of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is available. That is why the Steering Committee of the Hypertension Working Group of the Spanish Society of Cardiology developed a clinical classification of the so called “hypertensive cardiopathy” based on the three main heart components involved in patients with chronic elevated blood pressure8. This classification is briefly reviewed next. 3- The basis for a clinical classification of hypertensive heart disease Eloot S, Van Biesen W, Dhondt A, et al. Impact of hemodialysis duration on the removal of uremic retention solutes. Kidney Int. 2008;73:765-770. Spanner E, Suri R, Heidenheim AP, Lindsay RM. The impact of quotidian hemodialysis on nutrition. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(1 suppl):30-35.

An article from the E-Journal of the ESC Council for Cardiology Practice

Iriarte MM, Murga N, Sagastagoitia JD, Morillas M, Boveda J, Molinero E, et al. Classification of hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 1993;14(Suppl J):95-101. Thomas MC, Dublin S, Kaplan RC, Glazer NL, Lumley T, Longstreth WT, et al. Blood pressure control and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Am J Hypertens 2008;21:1111-6.