Davis, Buddy; Davis, Kay (2006). Sensational Sea Creatures. New Leaf Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-89051-458-0. These fish have shiny silver sides and countershading that help them camouflage into the water around them. They are usually gray, white, or blue on top—making them blend into the blue water for anything looking down on them—with a white belly that makes them harder to see from below. Each barracuda has a unique pattern of body markings which can be used by scientists to monitor individuals. Diet and behavior Since May, Mandiant has been in hot pursuit of UNC4841, and has compiled an exhaustive timeline of the threat actor’s activity during the campaign, from the initial surge of activity in November 2022 through to a surge in May 2023 when the patch was issued, and then another, previously undisclosed wave in June 2023. Barracudas are ferocious, opportunistic predators, relying on surprise and short bursts of speed, up to 27mph (43km/h), [11] to overtake their prey.

UNC4841 persistently executed SEASPY on appliance reboot through the following addition to/etc/init.d/rc: s3 = { 71 75 69 74 0D 0A 00 00 00 12 8D 03 07 9C 17 92 08 F0 0C 9A 01 06 08 00 1A 0C 0B 8D 18 0A 0D 0A } As a result, it is imperative that networks scan various network logs for connections to any of the listed indicators,” the advisory said. Barracudas have excellent eyesight, and are drawn to the silvery flashes and sudden movements made by their prey. UNC4841 also deployed the SANDBAR kernel rootkit at the following location so it would be executed on startup:

Think beyond the gateway to protect against all 13 threat types.

In later iterations, UNC4841 maintained persistent execution of SEASPY by inserting the following command into the update_version Perl script executed by the appliance: The bureau said it had “independently verified that all exploited ESG appliances, even those with patches pushed out by Barracuda, remain at risk for continued computer network compromise from suspected PRC (People’s Republic of China) cyber actors exploiting this vulnerability.” This could have severe implications for species that until now have not had to deal with predation by barracuda, as well as for other predators that find themselves in competition with the voracious new arrivals. 4 14. Barracuda are hunted for fun, and food Mandiant observed UNC4841 exfiltrate customer uploaded SSL certificates from compromised Barracuda appliances, shown as follows: Specifically, the spies stole messages belonging to high-profile academics in Taiwan and Hong Kong, and Asian and European government officials in Southeast Asia, we're told.

Fletcher, p. (2010). Marshall, J. (ed.). "Jumping barracuda injures kayaker off Florida Keys". Reuters. Users whose appliances we believe were impacted have been notified via the ESG user interface of actions to take. Barracuda has also reached out to these specific customers."

Threats to survival

In addition, Mandiant recommends all impacted organizations perform an investigation and hunting activities within their networks. An investigation may include, but is not limited to the following: Mandiant said it was confident that UNC4841 was conducting espionage operations for the Chinese state. It added that it has not been possible to link the campaign to any other previously known threat actor, although there are some infrastructure overlaps with another group known as UNC2286; and another campaign targeting Fortinet appliances seems to be running in a similar fashion with similar malwares. This does not necessarily indicate a firm connection; shared infrastructure and techniques are common across China-nexus threat actors. Abdussamad, E.M.; Retheesh, T.B.; Thangaraja, R.; Bineesh, K.K.; Prakashan, D. (2015). " Sphyraena arabiansis a new species of barracuda (Family: Sphyraenidae) from the south-west coast of India". Indian Journal of Fisheries. 62 (2): 1–6. The closest extant relatives of the barracuda are thought to be the marlin, spearfish and sailfish (Istiophoridae), and also the swordfish (Xiphiidae). After compromising the products, UNC4841 also used its access to the ESG devices to send mail to other appliances, move laterally in the victims' networks for further reconnaissance, and "aggressively target" specific data for exfiltration.

Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Some species of barracuda are reputed to be dangerous to swimmers. Barracudas are scavengers, and may mistake snorkelers for large predators, following them hoping to eat the remains of their prey. Swimmers have reported being bitten by barracudas, but such incidents are rare and possibly caused by poor visibility. Large barracudas can be encountered in muddy shallows on rare occasion. Barracudas may mistake things that glint and shine for prey. [13] One incident reported a barracuda jumping out of water and injuring a kayaker, [14] but Jason Schratwieser, conservation director of the International Game Fish Association, said that the wound could have been caused by a houndfish. [15] As food [ edit ] Creates a named pipe at /tmp/p that will be used as the storage to facilitate transferring the commands from the server to be executed. UNC4841 has shown to be highly responsive to defensive efforts and actively modifies TTPs to maintain their operations. Mandiant strongly recommends impacted Barracuda customers continue to hunt for this actor and investigate affected networks. We expect UNC4841 will continue to alter their TTPs and modify their toolkit, especially as network defenders continue to take action against this adversary and their activity is further exposed by the infosec community. Recommendations and detection rules are provided in following sections. RecommendationsRajesh, K.M., Rohit, P., Viswambharan, D., Abdussamad, E.M. and Rajesh, M. (2021). Feeding behaviour of the sawtooth barracuda, Sphyraena putnamae (Jordan and Seale, 1905) along the southeastern Arabian Sea, India. Regional Studies in Marine Science, [online] 47, p.101974. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101974. Barracuda are popular as game fish for sport, where fisherman catch them for fun. They are also eaten as fillets or steaks close to regions they habitat. A few species including the sawtooth barracuda (S. putnamae) and yellowmouth barracuda (S. viridensis) are specially adapted for night-time hunting. There were also cases where the actor had simply used a self-signed certificate generated with default values, such as the certificate shown as follows:

Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2021). Species of Sphyraena in FishBase. August 2021 version. People around the world regularly catch and eat barracuda, but larger species are not safe for human consumption because their bodies collect toxins from their prey in a process called bioaccumulation.creates a new interactive (-i) shell and redirects its input from the named pipe that was just created. 2>&1 redirects the error output to the standard output. Their extra-large, highly sensitive eyes allow them to see their prey clearly in the darkness, when their hapless targets are at a significant disadvantage. 2 6. Barracudas aren’t fussy eaters