Crossings should normally be positioned at right angles to the carriageway edge. Where this is impracticable, the Give Way or Stop line should as far as possible be at a right angle to the kerb, even if it is then not parallel to the edge of the crossing. This ensures that drivers do not violate the overtaking prohibition when stopping at the line alongside other vehicles. Cold plastics are supplied in single or multicomponent forms. The product is laid on the carriageway and a cohesive film is formed by chemical action. The carriageway markings used to indicate the presence of these crossings (see figure 15-2) and their controlled areas are: FOR X MILES" or "X YARDS" or, if appropriate, "NO ROAD STUDS FOR X MILES" or "X YARDS" (diagram 7012) should be used with the appropriate distance inserted.

Waiting restrictions indicated by yellow lines apply to the carriageway, pavement and verge. You may stop to load or unload (unless there are also loading restrictions as described below) or while passengers board or alight. Double yellow lines mean no waiting at any time, unless there are signs that specifically indicate seasonal restrictions. The times at which the restrictions apply for other road markings are shown on nearby plates or on entry signs to controlled parking zones. If no days are shown on the signs, the restrictions are in force every day including Sundays and Bank Holidays.Andersonreport• Worboysreport• TrafficSignDesign• TSRGDandTSM ( Motorwayalphabet• Transportalphabet)• GuildfordRules BS 6088: 1981 Solid glass beads for use with road marking compounds and for other industrial uses (those sections relating to glass beads for road marking materials),

i) diagram 1040 may be used on the approach to a central reservation (including pedestrian refuge) of a single crossing in a two-way road (Schedule 4, Part I, para 3(2) of the Pedestrian Crossings Regulations), and diagram 1041 in a oneway road (para 4(2)), and The Specification for Highway Works published by the Stationery Office specifies which performance classes in BS EN 1436 for luminance factor, skid resistance and retroreflectivity are to be used on trunk roads and motorways. As higher retroreflective performance requires additional glass beads, which will reduce the skid resistance, it is not practicable to specify the highest performance class for both. A judgement will need to be made as to which property is more important at any particular location. Crossings on major roads should be located away from conflict points at uncontrolled junctions. The controlled area may extend across the mouth of a side road but it should never stop between the two projected kerb lines of the minor road. If this would otherwise occur, the zig-zag lines should be extended to the projection of the far kerb line of the side road. All obsolete markings and road stud housings, particularly those which may give a misleading indication, should be removed as soon as possible. This is particularly important where new central refuges are installed; the old centre line and any road studs should always be realigned (see table 14-1 for recommended tapers) before the road works signing and guarding is removed. The spacing of road studs used with double white lines is dealt with in para #5.115.11. The spacing of studs used with centre lines and lane lines is described in tables 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3, and studs used in conjunction with continuous edge lines or with diagram 1010 in table 4-5 and para 10.11.The Stop line to diagram 1001 indicates the position where traffic must stop when signalled to do so (see also para 3.7). The Stop line must be placed at least 1.7 m and normally not more than 3 m from the studs. This distance may be extended to a maximum of 10 m if necessary (Schedule 4 para 5(3) of the Pedestrian Crossings Regulations). On two-way roads the Stop line extends from the edge to the centre line, and on one-way roads across the full width. Road markings fall into two categories, those which must be illuminated with retroreflecting material, and those which may be so illuminated (regulation 31). Table [[#table23.1|23-1 lists the diagram numbers of markings which must be reflectorised.

The standard 18 m spacing should be reduced to 9 m on bends with a radius of curvature less than 450 m, or on roads particularly prone to fog and mist or where there is a severe dazzle problem caused by glare from the headlamps of oncoming vehicles.

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Road markings serve a very important function in conveying to road users information and requirements which might not be possible using upright signs. They have the advantage that they can often be seen when a verge-mounted sign is obscured, and, unlike such signs, they can provide a continuing message. Chapter 6 traffic control (ISBN 9780115537448)

Markings for Zebra, Pelican and Puffin crossings are prescribed in the Zebra, Pelican and Puffin Pedestrian Crossings Regulations and General Directions 1997 (the Pedestrian Crossings Regulations). Toucan and equestrian crossings are marked using diagrams 1001.3, 1055.1 and 1055.2 prescribed in the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2002. More detailed guidance on the provision of pedestrian crossings can be found in Local Transport Notes 1 / 95 ( ISBN 0-11-551625-5) and 2 / 95 ( ISBN 0-11-551626-3). RED AND SINGLE YELLOW LINES CAN ONLY GIVE A GUIDE TO THE RESTRICTIONS AND CONTROLS IN FORCE AND SIGNS, NEARBY OR AT A ZONE ENTRY, MUST BE CONSULTED. to indicate a line of studs which should not be crossed. It is used to indicate the right hand edge of the running carriageway adjacent to the edge of the central reservation or to traffic cones or cylinders at road works, or the marking to diagram 1040.3. Amber studs are also used on the off side of a one-way road (including one-way slip roads and link roads). The Pedestrian Crossings Regulations do not permit the use of central hatched or chevron markings within the controlled area of zebra crossings. Such markings may be used between a central double row of zig zags with Pelican, Puffin and Toucan crossings only in the following circumstances:The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions ( TSRGD) 2016 prescribes the design and condition of use for traffic signs on or near roads in England, Scotland and Wales. The Pedestrian Crossings Regulations permit markings to diagrams 1029 (see paras 22.26 to 22.28 and diagram 6 in Schedule 4 of the Pedestrian Crossings Regulations) and 1062 to be used at or near a crossing. The use of diagram 1062 is described in paras 21.7 to 21.16. No other marking may be used within the controlled area, except hatched and chevron markings in the circumstances described in para 15.26. Preformed thermoplastic road markings are applied by heating the material until it bonds to the road surface by melting or fusion. They provide a simple way to apply arrows, lettering etc. and to reinstate short lengths of line without the need for substantial application and support equipment. Where it is not possible to provide temporary road markings, drivers should be warned of their absence by means of advance warning signs. At junctions where all, or any part, of the STOP or Give Way marking has been removed and temporary markings cannot be provided, a prescribed variant of diagram 7012 "NO STOP MARKINGS" or "NO GIVE