Hosea, Hoshea (הושע) denounces the worship of gods other than Yehovah, comparing Israel to a woman being unfaithful to her husband. The NIV text may be quoted in any form (written, visual, electronic or audio), up to and inclusive of five hundred (500) verses without express written permission of the publisher, providing the verses do not amount to a complete book of the Bible nor do the verses quoted account for twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total text of the work in which they are quoted.

Samuel is thus a work of national self-criticism. It recognizes that Israel would not have survived, either politically or culturally, without the steadying presence of a dynastic royal house. But it makes both that house and its subjects answerable to firm standards of pr Within these broad beliefs many schools of hermeneutics operate. "Bible scholars claim that discussions about the Bible must be put into its context within church history and then into the context of contemporary culture." [140] Fundamentalist Christians are associated with the doctrine of biblical literalism, where the Bible is not only inerrant, but the meaning of the text is clear to the average reader. [235] The Book of Daniel is preserved in the 12-chapter Masoretic Text and in two longer Greek versions, the original Septuagint version, c. 100BCE, and the later Theodotion version from c. second century CE. Both Greek texts contain three additions to Daniel: The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children; the story of Susannah and the Elders; and the story of Bel and the Dragon. Theodotion's translation was so widely copied in the Early Christian church that its version of the Book of Daniel virtually superseded the Septuagint's. The priest Jerome, in his preface to Daniel (407 CE), records the rejection of the Septuagint version of that book in Christian usage: "I ... wish to emphasize to the reader the fact that it was not according to the Septuagint version but according to the version of Theodotion himself that the churches publicly read Daniel." [126] Jerome's preface also mentions that the Hexapla had notations in it, indicating several major differences in content between the Theodotion Daniel and the earlier versions in Greek and Hebrew. The King James Version of the Bible was not a new translation but a revision of the English Bible which was commissioned by King James I of Great Britain, following the Church of England Hampton Court Conference in 1604.54 scholars from London, Oxford and Cambridge worked on the project. They were all from the Church of England (Anglicans), but included those of traditional and Puritan views. Rūth ( Book of Ruth) רוּת ( Shābhû‘ôth) tells of the Moabite woman Ruth, who decides to follow the God of the Israelites, and remains loyal to her mother-in-law, who is then rewarded.The five relatively short books of Song of Songs, Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Book of Esther are collectively known as the Hamesh Megillot. These are the latest books collected and designated as authoritative in the Jewish canon even though they were not complete until the second century CE. [111] Other books The Isaiah scroll, part of the Dead Sea Scrolls, contains almost the whole Book of Isaiah and dates from the second century BCE.

The Greek ta biblia ("the books") was "an expression Hellenistic Jews used to describe their sacred books". [5] The biblical scholar F. F. Bruce notes that John Chrysostom appears to be the first writer (in his Homilies on Matthew, delivered between 386 and 388 CE) to use the Greek phrase ta biblia ("the books") to describe both the Old and New Testaments together. [6]

About Biblica

The Old Testament has been important to the life of the Christian church from its earliest days. Bible scholar N.T. Wright says "Jesus himself was profoundly shaped by the scriptures." [139] Wright adds that the earliest Christians searched those same Hebrew scriptures in their effort to understand the earthly life of Jesus. They regarded the "holy writings" of the Israelites as necessary and instructive for the Christian, as seen from Paul's words to Timothy (2 Timothy 3:15), as pointing to the Messiah, and as having reached a climactic fulfillment in Jesus generating the " new covenant" prophesied by Jeremiah. [140] See also: Films based on the Bible, Category:Operas based on the Bible, Category:Books based on the Bible, Category:Plays based on the Bible, and Category:Music based on the Bible Both Judaism and Christianity see the Bible as religiously and intellectually significant. [244] It provides insight into its time and into the composition of the texts, and it represents an important step in the development of thought. [244] It is used in communal worship, recited and memorized, provides personal guidance, a basis for counseling, church doctrine, religious culture (teaching, hymns and worship), and ethical standards. [244] [245] :145

The first five books, Genesis to Deuteronomy. They are not 'law' in a modern Western sense: Genesis is a book of stories, with nothing remotely like rules and regulations, and though the other four do contain community laws they also have many narratives. The Hebrew word for Law ('Torah') means 'guidance' or 'instruction', and that could include stories offering everyday examples of how people were meant to live as well as legal requirements. Permission requests for commercial use within the U.S. and Canada that exceed the above guidelines must be directed to, and approved in writing by, HarperCollins Christian Publishing, Attention: Permissions Department, P.O. Box 141000, Nashville, TN 37214. The original texts of the Tanakh were almost entirely written in Hebrew with about one percent in Aramaic. The earliest translation of any Bible text is the Septuagint which translated the Hebrew into Greek. [34] As the first translation of any biblical literature, the translation that became the Septuagint was an unparalleled event in the ancient world. [256] This translation was made possible by a common Mediterranean culture where Semitism had been foundational to Greek culture. [257] In the Talmud, Greek is the only language officially allowed for translation. [120] The Targum Onkelos is the Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible believed to have been written in the second century CE. [34] These texts attracted the work of various scholars, but a standardized text was not available before the 9th century. [34] Nearly all modern English translations of the Old Testament are based on a single manuscript, the Leningrad Codex, copied in 1008 or 1009. It is a complete example of the Masoretic Text, and its published edition is used by the majority of scholars. The Aleppo Codex is the basis of the Hebrew University Bible Project in Jerusalem. [35]See also: Dating the Bible The Tel Dan Stele at the Israel Museum. Highlighted in white: the sequence B Y T D W D the view that the Bible is also infallible, and incapable of error in matters of faith and practice, but not necessarily in historic or scientific matters Our rich online library includes well known and trusted commentaries including the popular Matthew Henry Commentary, CSB Study Bible, Tony Evans Bible Commentary, commentaries from Warren Wiersbe, and many more. Other Bible study resources include concordances included Strong's Exhaustive Concordance and Naves Topical Concordance, Bible dictionaries, encyclopedias, parallel Bible, Hebrew and Greek lexicons, and historical Christian and church books such as Fox's Book of Martyrs.

The Torah (תּוֹרָה) is also known as the "Five Books of Moses" or the Pentateuch, meaning "five scroll-cases". [97] Traditionally these books were considered to have been dictated to Moses by God himself. [98] [99] Since the 17th century, scholars have viewed the original sources as being the product of multiple anonymous authors while also allowing the possibility that Moses first assembled the separate sources. [100] [101] There are a variety of hypotheses regarding when and how the Torah was composed, [102] but there is a general consensus that it took its final form during the reign of the Persian Achaemenid Empire (probably 450–350 BCE), [103] [104] or perhaps in the early Hellenistic period (333–164 BCE). [105] The Nevi'im tell a story of the rise of the Hebrew monarchy and its division into two kingdoms, the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah, focusing on conflicts between the Israelites and other nations, and conflicts among Israelites, specifically, struggles between believers in "the L ORD God" [107] ( Yahweh) and believers in foreign gods, [c] [d] and the criticism of unethical and unjust behaviour of Israelite elites and rulers; [e] [f] [g] in which prophets played a crucial and leading role. It ends with the conquest of the Kingdom of Israel by the Neo-Assyrian Empire, followed by the conquest of the Kingdom of Judah by the neo-Babylonian Empire and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. The Peshitta ( Classical Syriac: ܦܫܺܝܛܬܳܐ or ܦܫܝܼܛܬܵܐ pšīṭtā) is the standard version of the Bible for churches in the Syriac tradition. The consensus within biblical scholarship, although not universal, is that the Old Testament of the Peshitta was translated into Syriac from biblical Hebrew, probably in the 2nd century CE, and that the New Testament of the Peshitta was translated from the Greek. [ac] This New Testament, originally excluding certain disputed books ( 2 Peter, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, Revelation), had become a standard by the early 5th century. The five excluded books were added in the Harklean Version (616 CE) of Thomas of Harqel. [ad] [152] Catholic Church canon Esdras (4 Ezra) and the Prayer of Manasseh are not in the Septuagint, and 2 Esdras does not exist in Greek, though it does exist in Latin. There is also 4 Maccabees which is only accepted as canonical in the Georgian Church. It is in an appendix to the Greek Orthodox Bible, and it is therefore sometimes included in collections of the Apocrypha. [145] Officially the 1586 Bishop’s Bible was used as the base for the revision, but the scholars referenced all existing Bible translations in English, such as the Geneva Bible and Tyndale, and also editions in other languages.The completed Bible was first printed in 1611, and included the Apocrypha, which is omitted from this edition.Because the canon of Scripture is distinct for Jews, Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and Western Protestants, the contents of each community's Apocrypha are unique, as is its usage of the term. For Jews, none of the apocryphal books are considered canonical. Catholics refer to this collection as " Deuterocanonical books" (second canon) and the Orthodox Church refers to them as " Anagignoskomena" (that which is read). [142] [o]