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R. E. Serda, B. Godin, E. Blanco, C. Chiappini and M. Ferrari, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2011, 1810, 317–329 CrossRef CAS PubMed.Diarmaid Ó Muirithe, Words We Use: The Meaning of Words And Where They Come From, Gill & Macmillan Ltd, Oct 31, 2006 The TEM images elucidated that the association and internalization of the bare UnTHCPSi nanoparticles with both cell lines was negligible, which can be possibly explained by the negative charge, as well as by the deficient colloidal stability of these nanoparticles. In contrast, when functionalized with HA +, and despite the less pronounced negative ζ-potential, the nanoparticles were massively associated with the cell membrane and further internalized by both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, after which they seemed to be mainly enclosed in the endosomes of the cells. Although the aforementioned improved colloidal stability of UnTHCPSi–HA + nanoparticles favors their internalization by the cancer cells, the HA +-mediated targeting of CD44 receptor might be a driving force for the enhanced interaction and internalization of the nanoparticles by the breast cancer cells. These results represent clear evidence of the enhanced cellular association of UnTHCPSi–HA + when compared with bare UnTHCPSi nanoparticles. Flow cytometric analysis of CD44 expression and cellular association The expression of CD44 receptor in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, after staining the cells with PE-CF594-labeled anti-human CD44 antibody (ESI, Fig. S2 †). When compared with the respective negative controls, both the cell lines studied were shown to express the CD44 receptor, as elucidated by the increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of the stained cells. However, the incubation of MCF-7 cancer cells with up to 4-fold increased anti-human CD44 antibody concentration was not reflected by the intensification of the mean fluorescence intensity, which experienced an approximately 9-fold increase in comparison with unstained cells regardless of the antibody concentration, thus indicating the saturation of the receptors promptly available for interacting with the complementary antibody. In contrast, in the case of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, the successive increase of the anti-human CD44 antibody concentration resulted in the consecutive intensification of the fluorescence signal up to approximately 670-fold compared to the controls, suggesting significantly higher levels of CD44 expression in MDA-MB-231 than in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 50 S. Bhattacharjee, D. Ershov, K. Fytianos, J. van der Gucht, G. M. Alink, I. M. C. M. Rietjens, A. T. M. Marcelis and H. Zuilhof, Part. Fibre Toxicol., 2012, 9, 11 CrossRef CAS PubMed. AB - Substitution of fossil fuels by sustainable practices must be rapidly implemented to mitigate the impacts of climate change. The conversion of biomass into combustible gas is investigated in a microwave-induced plasma reactor using pure steam as the plasma working gas for the first time. The optimum results are achieved at the highest forward microwave power of 6 kW with biomass carbon conversion efficiency over 98% and complete biomass energy recovery in syngas. Unreacted steam is simply condensed out, leading to the production of a syngas with low inert dilution and high calorific value in the range 10.5–12 MJ/Nm3. The syngas produced is rich in hydrogen, exceeding 60% by volume. The proposed process could aid in the transition to a carbon neutral economy as it has the potential to efficiently convert biomass to syngas that can be used for the sustainable generation of fuels, chemicals and energy.

The FTIR spectra of HA, HA +, UnTHCPSi and UnTHCPSi–HA + nanoparticles are presented in Fig. 1C. The carbohydrate chain of HA can be identified through the prominent C–O band at 900–1200 cm −1, which is a characteristic of polysaccharides. Other observable features of HA are the stretching bands at 1607 cm −1 ( Fig. 1C-a 2) and 1400 cm −1 ( Fig. 1C-a 4), related to the carboxylate C O and C–O stretching vibrations, respectively. The amide I and II related bands on the other hand, are visible at ca. 1670 cm −1 ( Fig. 1C-a1) and 1540 cm −1 ( Fig. 1C-a 3), respectively. 58,59 The effects of amine modification of the HA + have only limited visible effects on the spectra ( Fig. 1C-b). The basic chemical structure of HA is preserved during the modification, however the appearance of a broad band at ca. 1680 cm −1 ( Fig. 1C-b1) and a peak at 1555 cm −1 ( Fig. 1C-b 2) indicate the presence of the amide-conjugated NH 2-PEG 2-NHBoc in the polymer. The spectra of the UnTHCPSi nanoparticles ( Fig. 1C-d) exhibit a broad band between 900 and 1200 cm −1 and a C O stretching at 1715 cm −1 ( Fig. 1C-d1), corresponding to the Si–C and carboxylic acid group structures, respectively. After functionalization of the UnTHCPSi nanoparticle surface with HA + polymer ( Fig. 1C-c), and compared to the bare UnTHCPSi spectrum, a broad absorption band corresponding to the amide (I) structure arises at 1640 cm −1 ( Fig. 1C-c1) and the amide (II) structure of HA + can be recognized at 1555 cm −1, suggesting the successful covalent attachment of the polymer. The described analysis indicated that the HA + polymer was successfully synthesized by the EDC/NHS reaction and conjugated onto the surface of the UnTHCPSi nanoparticles via the same carbodiimide-mediated coupling chemistry. Stability in human plasma When an intravenous administration is envisioned, the interaction of plasma proteins with a nanoparticulate system may influence its biofate. It was not until the 1920s that the term bimbo began to be associated with women in popular culture. In 1920, Frank Crumit, [7] Billy Jones, and Aileen Stanley all recorded versions of "My Little Bimbo Down on the Bamboo Isle", with words by Grant Clarke and music by Walter Donaldson. The song uses the term "bimbo" to describe an island girl of questionable virtue. The 1929 silent film Desert Nights uses it to describe a wealthy female crook, and in The Broadway Melody, an angry Bessie Love calls a chorus girl a bimbo. The first use of its female meaning cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is dated 1929, from the scholarly journal American Speech, where the definition was given simply as "a woman".M. Kilpeläinen, J. Riikonen, M. A. Vlasova, A. Huotari, V.-P. Lehto, J. Salonen, K.-H. Herzig and K. Järvinen, J. Controlled Release, 2009, 137, 166–170 CrossRef PubMed. W. Wang, M.-J. Zhang, R. Xie, X.-J. Ju, C. Yang, C.-L. Mou, D. A. Weitz and L.-Y. Chu, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2013, 52, 8084–8087 CrossRef CAS PubMed. Scheme 1 (A) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of HA +, fabrication of the UnTHCPSi nanoparticles from boron doped p+ Si <100> wafers, conjugation of HA + onto the surface of the UnTHCPSi nanoparticles via EDC/NHS coupling chemistry. (B) Hypothesis of the application of the resulting UnTHCPSi–HA + nanoparticles for the targeting of CD44-overexpressing breast cancer cells.

Dundoo, Sangeetha Devi (17 January 2018). "Women in Telugu cinema: Some common sense please?". The Hindu– via www.thehindu.com. N. Hasan, A. Mann, M. Ferrari and T. Tanaka, Methods Mol. Biol., 2013, 1049, 481–493 Search PubMed.L. M. Bimbo, M. Sarparanta, H. A. Santos, A. J. Airaksinen, E. Mäkilä, T. Laaksonen, L. Peltonen, V.-P. Lehto, J. Hirvonen and J. Salonen, ACS Nano, 2010, 4, 3023–3032 CrossRef CAS PubMed. C. Wang, E. M. Mäkilä, M. H. Kaasalainen, D. Liu, M. P. Sarparanta, A. J. Airaksinen, J. J. Salonen, J. T. Hirvonen and H. A. Santos, Biomaterials, 2014, 35, 1257–1266 CrossRef CAS PubMed. A. Abbaspourrad, N. J. Carroll, S. H. Kim and D. A. Weitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 7744–7750 CrossRef CAS PubMed. As the inner water phase, we used an aqueous suspension of THCPSiMPs with typical particle sizes of ca. 15 μm. To facilitate the dispersion of the THCPSiMPs, they were first wetted with ethanol and later suspended in an aqueous solution that contained 8 wt-% polyethylene glycol (PEG, 6 kDa) and 2 wt-% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 13–23 kDa) at a final concentration of 3 mg mL −1. The suspension was sonicated and poured into a syringe together with a magnetic stirrer allowing vigorous shaking of the suspension, thereby avoiding microparticle aggregation and sedimentation during the injection of the suspension within the microfluidic chip. Importantly, our microfluidic approach provides a hundred percent encapsulation efficiency as all the particles in the inner water phase ended-up in the cores of the double emulsions as shown in Fig. 1b. The middle oil phase contained 4.6 mg mL −1 of 1,2-dioleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC, Avanti) dissolved in a mixture of chloroform and hexane at a volume ratio of 1 : 1.8, eventually containing 0.25 mole-% of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine- N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (DHPE-Rh, Molecular Probes) to fluorescently label the lipid bilayer. The outer aqueous phase consisted of a 10 wt-% PVA (13–23 kDa) aqueous solution. Around the same time, another drama erupted, though less intense: the travel agency drama. Although this travel agency has been teased since 2008, mentions of it were systematically banned as well as the members bringing it up. One player famously got banned for saying that the travel agency won't open til 2010... Turns out this player was right since the travel agency finally opened in late 2010.

M. Sarparanta, L. M. Bimbo, J. Rytkönen, E. Mäkilä, T. J. Laaksonen, P. Laaksonen, M. Nyman, J. Salonen, M. B. Linder, J. Hirvonen, H. A. Santos and A. J. Airaksinen, Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2012, 9, 654–663 CrossRef CAS PubMed. D. Liu, H. Zhang, B. Herranz-Blanco, E. Mäkilä, V. Lehto, J. Salonen, J. Hirvonen and H. A. Santos, Small, 2014, 10, 2029–2038 CrossRef CAS PubMed. Tags will be added with each request, originally from Fanfiction.net (hence the first lemon chapter, requested) H. A. Santos, L. M. Bimbo, V. P. Lehto, A. J. Airaksinen, J. Salonen and J. Hirvonen, Curr. Drug Discovery Technol., 2011, 8, 228–249 CrossRef CAS.

Microfluidic technologies are becoming widely used methods for many applications ranging from material science 1–3 to biology. 4 Particularly relevant for drug delivery applications is the controlled production of capsules 5–7 or vesicles 8,9 using microfluidic methods; these not only provide a higher encapsulation efficiency 10–12 than conventional production techniques, but also endow the delivery vehicles with extremely uniform sizes 3 and very controlled chemical compositions. Widely used templates for capsules or vesicles are water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion drops: their aqueous cores provide an ideal environment for the dissolution of hydrophilic drugs, whereas their oil shells can be loaded with hydrophobic molecules. 13 After careful removal of the oil from the emulsion shells, double emulsion drops turn into capsules or vesicles, and their membranes protect the encapsulated material from the external environment. 14 P. J. Kinnari, M. L. K. Hyvönen, E. M. Mäkilä, M. H. Kaasalainen, A. Rivinoja, J. J. Salonen, J. T. Hirvonen, P. M. Laakkonen and H. A. Santos, Biomaterials, 2013, 34, 9134–9141 CrossRef CAS PubMed. M. Sarparanta, E. Mäkilä, T. Heikkilä, J. Salonen, E. Kukk, V. P. Lehto, H. A. Santos, J. Hirvonen and A. J. Airaksinen, Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2011, 8, 1799–1806 CrossRef CAS PubMed.