Kutlubay Z, Engin B, Bairamov O, Tuzun Y. Acanthosis nigricans: a fold (intertriginous) dermatosis. Clin Dermatol. 2015; 33: 466–70. PubMed

The NHS does not recommend people with acne use alcohol on their skin and instead advocates avoiding irritation by washing with a mild cleanser and not squeezing spots. To prepare skin for injection or incision. Alcohol prep pads can be used to sanitise unbroken skin in a small area to ensure it is completely clean for a sterile instrument to be used on it. Alcohol prep pads ensure no harmful germs can be pushed through the skin into the body. The Clinell range of Universal Wipes are a single use disinfectant product, clinically proven for surface disinfection and cleaning of non-invasive medical devices. From disinfecting objects to wiping down hard surfaces and equipment, a Clinell universal wipe will kill at least 99.999%* of germs, making Clinell wipes the most effective antimicrobial product on the market. This revolutionary formula contains several different biocides. Each biocide has a different mechanism of action, reducing the risk of germs developing resistance. Dr Rupert Critchley, of VIVAskinclinics, agrees. He says: “Alcohol strips the acid-mantle layer, affecting the barrier function of the skin which protects against infection. Clinell single use disinfectant wipes can be used to clean hard surfaces, medical equipment and any other areas on the ward in hospital. As the Clinell wipes are single use, this reduces the risk of microbial cross contamination between medical devices and shared surfaces.Berk DR. Terra firma-forme dermatosis: a retrospective review of 31 patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012; 29: 297–300. PubMed

Chemical peels (eg, 20% salicylic acid in alcohol) are reported to lead to rapid resolution of the condition [14]. What is the outcome for terra firma-forme dermatosis? Psychosocial distress can result from the dirty appearance which may be perceived to reflect poor personal hygiene. How is terra firma-forme dermatosis diagnosed? In Europe this product is ideal for cleaning skin after dressing and plaster removal, especially where the plaster or dressing has caused dirt to develop

Terra firma is Latin for ‘dry land,’ reflecting the appearance of affected areas as islands of dirty skin. These areas are not truly dirty but give this impression due to abnormal keratinisation. Who gets terra firma-forme dermatosis? Research published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia in 2002 found around one in 50 patients are hypersensitive to alcohol, rising to one in 20 in people with eczema. Chun SW, Lee SY, Kim JB, Choi HM, Ro BI, Cho HK. A case of terra firma-forme dermatosis treated with salicylic acid alcohol peeling. Ann Dermatol. 2017; 29: 83–5. PubMed Containing Chlorhexidine Gluconate BP 2% and Isopropyl Alcohol 70% this product is available as individual sachets of 105 x 105mm in size and comes in boxes of 200