Hatred of Jews was now public and violent, driven by a firebrand (Drumont) who demonized the Jewish presence in France. Jews in metropolitan France in 1895 numbered about 80,000 (40,000 in Paris alone), who were highly integrated into society; an additional 45,000 Jews lived in Algeria. The launch of La Libre Parole with a circulation estimated at 200,000 copies in 1892, [19] allowed Drumont to expand his audience to a popular readership already enticed by the boulangiste adventure in the past. The antisemitism circulated by La Libre Parole, as well as by L'Éclair, Le Petit Journal, La Patrie, L'Intransigeant and La Croix, drew on antisemitic roots in certain Catholic circles. [20]

Endovascular therapy (EVT) has become a standard care for patients with large vessel occlusive stroke within 6 hours. 1 Subsequently, the DEFUSE 3 2 and DAWN 3 trials have revealed that patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) beyond 6 hours due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) can benefit from EVT by using strict imaging selection criteria. American Heart and Stroke Association 2018 guidelines 4 suggested that the two trial-defined eligibility criteria should be applied for EVT selection in the extended time window. The clinical mismatch (DAWN trial) and the core mismatch (DEFUSE 3 trial) selection criteria are both based on advanced imaging with CT perfusion (CTP). However, CTP is not available in many stroke centres, and the rigorous selection criteria are more likely to exclude patients who may benefit from EVT beyond 6 hours after stroke. 5 6 Moreover, patients with LVO in the extended time window can potentially benefit from EVT selected by simpler imaging triage. 7–11 Funding: The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Hannah Arendt writes that fear of an international boycott of the Paris Exposition of 1900 was what "united the disrupted country, turned parliament in favor of a retrial and eventually reconciled disparate elements" of France in a way "Clemenceau's daily editorials, Zola's pathos, Jaurès' speeches and popular hatred of the clergy and aristocracy" had not. [196] The trial in Rennes 1899 [ edit ] Conduct of the trial [ edit ] Alfred Dreyfus (standing, right of centre) at the opening session of his trial in Rennes, photographed by Valerian Griboedov In 1894, the Third Republic was twenty-four years old. Although the 16 May Crisis in 1877 had crippled the political influence of both the Bourbon and Orléanist royalists, its ministries continued to be short-lived as the country lurched from crisis to crisis: three years immediately preceding the Dreyfus Affair were the near-coup of Georges Boulanger in 1889, the Panama scandals in 1892, and the anarchist threat (reduced by the " villainous laws" of July 1894). The elections of 1893 were focused on the "social question" and resulted in a Republican victory (just under half the seats) against the conservative right, and the reinforcement of the Radicals (about 150 seats) and Socialists (about 50 seats).The period of the occupation throws a veil over the case. The liberation and the revelation of the Holocaust brought a deep reflection on all of the Dreyfus affair. Jacques Kayser (1946) then Maurice Paléologue (1955) and Henri Giscard d'Estaing (1960) revived the case without great revelations, a process generally considered insufficient historically. [ by whom?] First brochure of A Miscarriage of Justice, Bernard Lazare published in 1896 in Brussels I]f France – bastion of emancipation, progress and universal socialism – [can] get caught up in a maelstrom of antisemitism and let the Parisian crowd chant 'Kill the Jews!' Where can they be safe once again – if not in their own country? Assimilation does not solve the problem because the Gentile world will not allow it as the Dreyfus affair has so clearly demonstrated ... [243]

On 22 December 1894, after several hours of deliberation, the verdict was reached. Seven judges unanimously convicted Alfred Dreyfus of collusion with a foreign power, to the maximum penalty under section 76 of the Criminal Code: permanent exile in a walled fortification ( prison), the cancellation of his army rank and military degradation. Dreyfus was not sentenced to death, as it had been abolished for political crimes since 1848. Functional independence (Modified Rankin 0-2) at 90 days – significantly increased with endovascular therapy Henry was dead, Boisdeffre had resigned, Gonse had no more authority, and du Paty had been severely compromised by Esterhazy: for the conspirators it was a débâcle. [178] [ tone] The government was now caught between two fires: the nationalist pressure on the street and the higher command. Cavaignac, having resigned for continuing to spread his anti-Dreyfusard vision of the Affair, arose as an anti-revisionist leader. General Zurlinden who succeeded him and was influenced by the General Staff, delivered a negative opinion at the review on 10 September 1898 comforting the extremist press by saying that, "a review means war". The obstinacy of the government, who voted to revert to the Supreme Court on 26 September 1898, led to the resignation of Zurlinden who was soon replaced by General Chanoine. [179] When Chanoine was questioned in the House he handed in his resignation; trust was denied to Brisson and he was also forced to resign. Ministerial instability caused some governmental instability. In October 2021, French President Emmanuel Macron opened a museum dedicated to the Dreyfus affair in Médan in the northwestern suburbs of Paris. He said that nothing could repair the humiliations and injustices Dreyfus had suffered, and "let us not aggravate it by forgetting, deepening or repeating them". [246] On 3 June 1899, the joint chambers of the Supreme Court overturned the judgment of 1894 in a formal hearing. [193] The case was referred to the Military Court of Rennes. By that judgment, the Supreme Court imposed itself as an absolute authority capable of standing up to military and political power. [194] For many Dreyfusards, this ruling was the prelude to the acquittal of the captain; they forgot to consider that it was again the army who would judge. The court, in overturning the judgement, believed in the legal autonomy of the military court without taking into account the laws of esprit de corps. [195] Fear of boycott [ edit ]In 1899, Dreyfus was returned to France for another trial. The intense political and judicial scandal that ensued divided French society between those who supported Dreyfus (now called "Dreyfusards", such as Sarah Bernhardt, Anatole France, Charles Péguy, Henri Poincaré and Georges Clemenceau) and those who condemned him (the anti-Dreyfusards, such as Édouard Drumont, the director and publisher of the antisemitic newspaper La Libre Parole). The new trial resulted in another conviction and a 10-year sentence, but Dreyfus was pardoned and released. In 1906, Dreyfus was exonerated. After being reinstated as a major in the French Army, he served during the whole of World War I, ending his service with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He died in 1935. The modified Rankin scale is an ordinal scale and the differences between single point groups correlates to vastly different clinical outcomes as the scale increases JB:The prism of social media distorts power. Tiny minorities have found a voice when before perhaps they were so fringe as to be irrelevant. Is that a good or a bad thing? At right, Captain Alfred Dreyfus rehabilitated at Les Invalides, talks with General Gillain. In the centre, Targe, investigator and discoverer of many falsehoods.