When operating in constant voltage (CV) mode, the source strives to maintain a constant voltage output across V BUS, even as the V BUS load current changes. However, the V BUS load current must also remain within the operating current requested in programmable RDO. If the V BUS load current increases beyond the requested operating current, the source switches to constant current (CC) mode. Enables higher power over a full featured USB Type-C® cable and connector to applications up to 240W. An experiment was conducted to compare charging times with fixed PDOs vs. PPS APDOs. The testing showed how PPS APDO chargers provide the ultimate user experience by delivering the fastest charging times for new PPS devices while continuing to support older (non-PPS) devices without a performance penalty. It also demonstrated the convenience of being able to use an existing fixed PDO charger to charge a new PPS device, albeit at a slower rate. Conveniently, the one with the correct specification is one Apple recently started selling and including with the 2020 10.2-inch iPad and iPad Air 4. There are 18W USB-C adapters available, but they do not meet the minimum requirements for charging at 15W. A new version of the USB spec puts additional demands on testing regimes that wring out power-handling options.

The power delivery 3.0 came with a few improvements from the previous 2.0 version. It offers a wide range of rules in four categories —7.5Wattage, 15W, 27W, and 45W— each with a range of voltage. For instance, sources supplying 27W will offer 5, 9, and 15 volts. Power delivery 3.0 could reach a supply of 100W with 20V. Which should you choose? Ryan] is running a Crowd Supply campaign (video after the break) to get some of these powerful boards out in the wild, and has released all the source code and schematics on GitHub. The PCB design files will be released during the last week of the campaign, around 25 January 2021. Voltcraft CQCP2400 operating instructions" (PDF) (User manual). Voltcraft. Output voltage/current 5 V/DC, max. 2400 mA or 9 V/DC, max. 1670 mA or 12 V/DC, max. 1250 mA Fresco Logic to demonstrate the Industry's First USB-C PD3.0 Programmable Power Supply (PPS) Total Solution". Archived from the original on 28 February 2018 . Retrieved 25 February 2018.There are special battery charging standards over USB that can pump up to 25W of power into a device and standard USB-C can deliver up to 15W of power, assuming that the charger can provide 3A of current. As you can see, PD 3.0 and QC 3.0 are similar, but remain distinct. They’re fundamentally different technologies. Which one is better? It really depends on your device. In theory, QC 3.0 is best for smartphones. By providing the exact voltage required, it allows you to maximize your battery’s performance. That said, it’s proprietary. Only certain Android phones currently support the technology. Unless you’re using one of these devices, you won’t be able to take advantage of QC charging. On the other hand, most modern smartphones support PD charging. These include all Apple phones starting with the iPhone 8. As shown in Figure 1, the first stage of charging a single cell lithium-ion battery is to apply constant current—0.5 to 1.0 Coulomb—until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V per cell. Once the battery voltage reaches 4.2V, the battery enters the second state of charging, called saturation charging, where a constant voltage of 4.2V is maintained while the charging current drops over time to less than 10% of the initial charge rate.

That said, for Android devices that support both standards, QC 3.0 is generally faster. The reason for this is INOV technology. PD charging won’t always have an exact wattage or voltage that matches your device’s needs. If it doesn’t, it will default to the next lowest power level. With QC 3.0’s INOV technology, you’ll always get the maximum voltage. Again, the exact difference will depend on your device. On some phones, the difference is not noticeable, while it can be significant on other devices. For power delivery to devices, the key characteristics include a fixed-voltage supply, stable current, and the ability to handle dynamic loads. For battery charging, the source must deliver variable voltage and current and account for charging rate and thermal constraints. Most battery manufacturers recommend beginning with a constant current and gradually increasing voltage followed by constant voltage and gradual reduction in current. A representative USB PD 3.0 compliance test setup featuring Teledyne LeCroy’s Voyager M310P test platform. This setup handles the test suites for both PD 2.0 and PD 3.0. The platform, which has native Type-C ports, can test both sources and sinks. Power direction is no longer fixed. This enables the product with the power (Host or Peripheral) to provide the power. Created in the mid-1990s, USBs (Universal Serial Bus) are the general go-to standard for connecting devices, charging, and data communication. And with such a long running standard, it has been updated over the years with 2.0, 3.0, Micro-USB, and Type C versions (just to name a few). There are a number of significant differences between the PD 2.0 specification and the latest 3.0 specification:Continuing with the USB Power Delivery 3.0 fast-charging standard, it was presented to the public in November 2015. With the launch of the USB PD 3.0, it was possible to see a big difference when compared to the USB PD 2.0, and that is that you can see three big changes and improvements in its functions. Apple says the MagSafe charger will charge with any adapter greater than 12W, but at a reduced rate. Tests show around 10W or less when used with adapters below 20W. When the MagSafe charger negotiates for power it specifically looks for the 9V x 2.22A supply, which is only present in 20W PD 3.0 adapters — and only some with a greater power potential, given that it specifically needs that 9V x 2.22A supply. This is why it defaults to 5V x 2A when using the 18W adapter, and will do the same with most — but not all — existing 60W USB-C power adapters, resulting in slower charge speeds. Before the Type-C interface appeared, the USB cable was only allowed to provide 2.5W of power, while the USB Type-C cable allowed the maximum power to be up to 5V/3A (15W). If the Power Deliver (PD) protocol is adopted, the voltage and current can be increased to 20V/5A (100W), which allows the power supply of large devices through the USB interface, such as charging a laptop with a large battery. So, which is faster, PD 3.0 or QC 3.0? In a nutshell, it depends on your device. To begin with, there’s a difference between Android and Apple products. With Android, you’re dealing with an open standard, so your mileage may vary. Most newer Android phones support PD charging, and more than half also support QC 3.0. This includes newer Samsung models. Keep in mind, though, that this will depend on your phone’s manufacturer. If you’re using a cheaper phone like an LG Stylo, you’re still limited to Micro USB charging. This won’t allow for either PD 3.0 or QC 3.0. PPS: Another outcome of the USB-IF’s efforts to create an international standard that uses the USB Type-C interconnect is the concept of PPSs. There are two usage models: Powering devices in use with a fixed source and charging of battery-powered devices. The fixed-voltage features were in place with PD 2.0; PD 3.0 introduces PPS, which attempts to make battery charging more efficient.

These chargers were used on two sink devices: a new PD 3.0-ready mobile phone and a PD 2.0-ready mobile phone. As seen in Table 3, the time to full charge for matched PD 3.0 source and sink devices was 60 minutes compared to 80-90 minutes for the same phone when charged with PD 2.0 compliant sources. At the 60-minute mark, the PD 2.0 capable chargers had reached 80% of full charge and required 20 and 30 minutes, respectively, to complete charging. For the earlier model phone, charge times were identical for the all three source devices.Table 2 Among three separate chargers used, one was a USB-C PD 3.0 device shipped with a new mobile phone, while other two met the PD 2.0 specification. Source: Infineon While USB was once used as mainly for data communication with limited charging capabilities, many devices now use a USB primarily for charging. This includes many mobile phones, computers, and plenty of other devices. However, this can lead to some issues as certain devices or cables are not compatible with other types of ports. Compounding that is the fact that there are speed differences between different types of USB. Case in point, Type C is faster than USB 3.0 which in turn is faster than 2.0. This leads to a lot of e-waste as people are constantly buying new cables or devices when USB technology advances further. Standards-Based Charging: For years, the USB Implementer’ Forum (USB-IF), which oversees the USB standard, has been working to globally standardize around USB for charging. The International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC) has long since formally adopted USB, and more recently, USB Type-C and PD. Figure 1 The diagram shows voltage vs. current charging of lithium-ion battery cells. Source: Infineon

A new adjustable voltage mode enables a range of 15V to one of three maximum voltages (28V, 36V, or 48V) depending on available power, allowing the powered device to request specific voltages with a 100 mV resolution. The sink device responds with a 32-bit request data object (RDO) that indicates its desired source voltage and current.Sometimes you need a big power boost, not just a little, especially when there’s a power outage, and that’s where the RAVPower Power House comes in. If you want a charger that can power a laptop, tablet, smartphone and a console, this is it. You won’t have any problems charging your devices to full capacity multiple times. And we’re talking about mainstream devices here, like the MacBook Pro, the Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra, and the iPhone 12 Pro Max. The PD 3.0 specification includes specific requirements for available voltage rails for a given power rating. Any adapter above 7.5W will include only 5V delivered. Greater than 15W will utilize both 5V and 9V. Other voltages can be offered for negotiation, but cannot exceed the highest required voltage rail in the adapter. Once a device is connected, it negotiates with the adapter for the best combination of voltage rails to achieve maximum efficiency while charging. Sources say that it's best to use USB PD 2.0 for simple devices that don't necessarily need extra or in depth information presented. One should use USB PD 3.0 if the new features are required in your device's application.