is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which was passed to implement the Brussels Convention of 1968 into British law. The Court of Appeal put it no higher than that there needs to be “grounds for believing” that the respondents had assets.

Articles 3 to 6 effect the necessary amendments to the definitions contained in Section 1 of the Act to include the Greek accession convention, referred to as "the 1982 Accession Convention"; and to include Greece within the definition of a "contracting state". Prior to Brexit, a claimant in a civil or commercial matter did not require the English court’s permission to serve the claim on a defendant located in an EU member state or in Denmark, Iceland, Norway or Switzerland (CPR Rule 6. Edward is ranked as a leading junior in the following directories: (1) Legal 500 UK – tier 1 for employment; (2) Legal 500 EMEA – tier 1 for commercial disputes in the Middle East; (3) Chambers UK – for employment; (4) Chambers Global – expertise based abroad for DIFC and ADGM litigation in the United Arab Emirates. In the overwhelming majority of cases, this is a non-issue, however where the two parties are located in different countries and/or legal jurisdictions, this can be a vital issue for the court to determine. Form 111: Certificate of the enforcement in Scotland or Northern Ireland of a money judgment of the High Court or of the County Court (s.This statutory instrument also preserves and amends the Rome Convention Rules, which are set out in the Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990, so that they still apply to contracts entered into between 1 April 1991 and 16 December 2009. There are also exceptions from such permission for claims under sections 15A to 15E of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (‘CJJA’) as amended by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, in particular with regards to consumer contract and employment contract cases. For contracts concluded, or where an event giving rise to damage occurs, after the end of the transition period, the retained Rome I and Rome II Regulations (and, for relevant old contracts, the Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990) as amended by the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations and Non-Contractual Obligations (Amendment etc. EU Exit) Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/1311), were amended with effect from 11pm on 31 December 2020 to ensure in particular that their provisions are consistent with Title VI of the Withdrawal Agreement.

It makes only those changes to the 1982 Act which are directly consequent upon Greek accession to the Brussels Convention: it makes no changes of substance.In 2006 Ras Al Khaimah Investment Authority (“RAKIA”) took up opportunities to invest in Georgia’s programme of privatisation. Even if the applicant had a good arguable case, it was unlikely that it could be pursued in England and instead foreign proceedings were likely. As Lord Diplock stated in Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation and others v Westinghouse Electric Corporation, the English courts’ jurisdiction in this respect “has always been exclusively statutory”. Claims which would have been capable of being pursued in the UK under the EOP or ESCP Regulations prior to the end of the transition period need to be made in the appropriate court as ordinary civil claims.

Should the Convention come into force, the rules for service out of jurisdiction will likely shift again to most probably mirror the pre-Brexit position. The decision arises from combined appeals in an action originally brought in Hong Kong by Convoy Collateral Ltd ( Convoy) against Dr Cho Kwai Chee, for damages arising from allegedly fraudulent investments made during his time as a director of Convoy.The UK has applied to accede to the Lugano Convention, which as discussed provides a basis for not requiring permission for serve out of jurisdiction.