The term infrahyoid refers to the region below the hyoid bone, while the term strap muscles refers to the long and flat muscle shapes which resembles a strap. The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles, [ citation needed] but is not an infrahyoid muscle. The nerve supply to the posterior scalene muscle is derived from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C6-C8, while its blood supply comes from the ascending cervical branch of the inferior thyroid artery and the transverse cervical branch of the thyrocervical trunk. The suboccipital muscles are four small muscles found in the suboccipital region, deep to the semispinalis muscles. These are: Regardless of its morphology or type, muscle tissue is composed of specialized cells known as muscle cells or myocytes(myo- [muscle, Greek = mys]), commonly referred to as muscle fibers (all of these terms are interchangeable); this is due to their extensive length and appearance. The inferior part arises from the anterior surface of bodies of vertebrae T1-T3 and inserts into the anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C5-C6.

Unipennate, in which the fascicles insert into only one side of the tendon, as in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the leg; All four of the suboccipital muscles are innervated by the suboccipital nerve (C1), and vascularized by the vertebral artery and the deep descending branches of the occipital artery.Depending on the type, the primary function of muscle is to move the bones of the skeleton. However, muscles also enable the heart to beat and can be found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines, uterus and stomach. In this article, we will explore the many functions of muscle in the human body as well as its basic structure, types and classifications. Muscle atrophy is also called “ muscle wasting”. The majority of muscle atrophy in the general population results from ‘disuse’. People with sedentary jobs and senior citizens with decreased activity can lose muscle tone and develop significant atrophy. This type of atrophy is reversible with vigorous exercise. Bed-ridden people can undergo significant muscle wasting. Astronauts, free of the gravitational pull of Earth, can develop decreased muscle tone and loss of calcium from their bones following just a few days of weightlessness.

growth in the girth of muscle fibers is thought to take place through ‘splitting’ of existing myofibrils as a result of stress placed on sarcomeres during physical activity, thereby increasing the mass of the muscle as whole.

a b c McHanwell, Steve; Watson, Charles (1 January 2009). "Localization of Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord". The Spinal Cord: 94–114. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374247-6.50011-0. ISBN 9780123742476. The function of the anterior scalene muscle depends on its point of action and whether the muscle acts alone or together with its contralateral counterpart. The trapezius muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI). Its blood supply stems from branches of the occipital, superficial cervical, transverse cervical and dorsal scapular arteries. Muscle atrophy resulting from disease rather than disuse is generally one of two types, that resulting from damage to the nerves that supply the muscles, and disease of the muscle itself.

The muscle is innervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves C2-C6. Its blood supply stems from branches of the vertebral, inferior thyroid and ascending pharyngeal arteries.

Cardiac muscle

Multifidus cervicis, that arises from the articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7 and inserts onto the spinous processes of vertebrae 2-5 levels above the origin.

K.L. Moore and T.V. N. Persaud: The developing human (Clinically oriented embryology), 8th edition, (2007), p.357-363. Striated muscle; formed of short, uninucleate, branching myocytes which connected at intercalated discs Cell-to-cell communication is largely facilitated via gap junctions which are located close to openings in the basement membrane, allowing the regulation and propagation of contractile signals across the smooth muscle tissue.The longus colli, also called the longus cervicis, is a long muscle that spans the entire length of the cervical spine and the upper vertebrae of the thoracic spine. It is divided into three parts: When the vertebral column is fixed, the muscle produces elevation of the 1st rib, which combined with the action of the external intercostals expands the antero-posterior diameter of the thoracic cage. This action is important during forced respiration. Merea, Valeria Silva; Pitman, Michael J. (1 January 2019), Chhetri, Dinesh K.; Dewan, Karuna (eds.), "Chapter 5 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter", Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology, Elsevier, pp.29–34, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00005-x, ISBN 978-0-323-56930-9, S2CID 80855923