Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi, 110025, India Dong CJ, Shang QM (2013) Genome-wide characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Planta 238:35–49

Devaiah BN, Karthikeyan AS, Raghothama KG (2007) WRKY75 transcription factor is a modulator of phosphate acquisition and root development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 143:1789–1801 This causes plants to release oxygen into the atmosphere. Green plants provide a substantial proportion of the world's molecular oxygen, alongside the contributions from photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria. [57] [58] [59]

permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to Kuo HF, Chiou TJ (2011) The role of microRNAs in phosphorus deficiency signaling. Plant Physiol 156:1016–1024

When reproducing sexually, plants have complex lifecycles involving alternation of generations. One generation, the sporophyte, which is diploid (with 2 sets of chromosomes), gives rise to the next generation, the gametophyte, which is haploid (with one set of chromosomes). Some plants also reproduce asexually via spores. In some non-flowering plants such as mosses, the sexual gametophyte forms most of the visible plant. [67] In seed plants (gymnosperms and flowering plants), the sporophyte forms most of the visible plant, and the gametophyte is very small. Flowering plants reproduce sexually using flowers, which contain male and female parts: these may be within the same ( hermaphrodite) flower, on different flowers on the same plant, or on different plants. The pollen produces male gametes that enter the ovule to fertilize the egg cell of the female gametophyte. Fertilization takes place within the carpels or ovaries, which develop into fruits that contain seeds. Fruits may be dispersed whole, or they may split open and the seeds dispersed individually. [68] Asexual Ficinia spiralis spreads asexually with runners in the sand. Garwood, Russell J.; Oliver, Heather; Spencer, Alan R. T. (2019). "An introduction to the Rhynie chert". Geological Magazine. 157 (1): 47–64. doi: 10.1017/S0016756819000670. S2CID 182210855. Textile with Birds and Horned Quadrupeds Flanking a Tree of Life". Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 21 August 2023. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook forLiu W, Kohlen W, Lillo A, Op den Camp R, Ivanov S, Hartog M, Limpens E, Jamil M, Smaczniak C, Kaufmann K, Yang WC, Hooiveld GJ, Charnikhova T, Bouwmeester HJ, Bisseling T, Geurts R (2011) Strigolactone biosynthesis in medicago truncatula and rice requires the symbiotic GRAS-type transcription factors NSP1 and NSP2. Plant Cell 23:3853–3865 Reinhard, Christopher T.; Planavsky, Noah J.; Olson, Stephanie L.; etal. (25 July 2016). "Earth's oxygen cycle and the evolution of animal life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (32): 8933–8938. Bibcode: 2016PNAS..113.8933R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1521544113. PMC 4987840. PMID 27457943.