Cornelius-White, J. H. D. (2007). Learner-centered teacher-student relationships are effective: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 77 (1), 113–143.

Rogers believed that people were always in the process of changing and growing and that striving for self-actualization leads people to pursue happiness and fulfillment. Rogers, Carl (1942). Counseling and Psychotherapy: Newer Concepts in Practice. Boston, Massachusetts/New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-1-4067-6087-3. OCLC 165705. Rogers saw personality and change as differences in the ways that experiences were apprehended. Personality and Change are both processes; while other therapies claimed that personality is the structure which must be restructured (or that personality is the product of learning which can be unlearned or reprogrammed), Rogers saw personality and change as differences in the ways that experiences were comprehended and understood within the organism. Person centred therapy sees personality and change as separate processes (Sanders, 2006).The state of flow is a good indicator of whether an activity is right for you. When you're in a state of flow, you're leveraging your strengths, and this turns out to be great for your emotional health and happiness. It's also a very positive thing for the rest of the world because your strengths can usually be used to help others in some way. The application to cross-cultural relations has involved workshops in highly stressful situations and global locations, including conflicts and challenges in South Africa, Central America, and Ireland. [35] Rogers, Alberto Zucconi, and Charles Devonshire co-founded the Istituto dell'Approccio Centrato sulla Persona (Person-Centered Approach Institute) in Rome, Italy.

You may not always have control over the circumstances you face. But you can control how well you take care of yourself, which can affect your stress levels and enable you to grow as a person when you face life's challenges. Rogers looks at this realistically, based on his experience and the case writings of others; from a basic reading of the stage model there appears to be an assumption that a client is beginning from zero or a “maximum of incongruence” (ibid. p.157), yet Rogers attests that clients can begin their therapeutic change from stages 2 to 4 depending on their recognition of their rigidities towards their feelings and self-concepts (e.g. self-criticism, defences or experiential openness). What this model serves is a way to illustrate that the clients quality of experiencing is most important as the process continues (Rogers 1961 p.139). In analysing the literature, these chapters alone don’t overtly clarify why the nature of man must be good or socialised, except by contrasting his assertion to Freud’s theories. Nor is it inversely explained why the prevailing worldview at the time (negative) is necessarily correct either, only that it was popular in the culture at the time (Rogers, 1961. P.91). In the development of the self-concept, he saw conditional and unconditional positive regard as key. Those raised in an environment of unconditional positive regard have the opportunity to fully actualize themselves. Those raised in an environment of conditional positive regard feel worthy only if they match conditions (what Rogers describes as conditions of worth) that others have laid down for them. Increasing organismic trust: they trust their own judgment and ability to choose behavior appropriate for each moment. They do not rely on existing codes and social norms but trust that as they are open to experiences they will be able to trust their own sense of right and wrong.For example, one study found that dialysis patients, transplant patients, and family members who became support volunteers for other patients experienced increased personal growth and emotional well-being. Another study on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) showed that those who offered other MS patients peer support actually experienced greater benefits than their supported peers, including more pronounced improvement of confidence, self-awareness, self-esteem, depression, and daily functioning. Those who offered support generally found that their lives were dramatically changed for the better. The necessity of this elaboration is in response to another limitation within the text regarding Change in On Becoming a Person. It has been stated more clearly by Thorne (2007) who described the process of psychotherapy as a journey where the client and therapist undergo a joint process of exploration and reflection. Rogers (1961) describes the process of psychotherapy or the process by which personality change takes place as an ‘ongoing movement’. Critiquing how Change is described. After a lot of research and academic deliberation Rogers (1958) settled to accumulate his methodology for the personality change process through what he called a naturalist observational descriptive approach. This was done phenomenologically, meaning he drew inferences of the process from within therapy from having the privileged position of being both a therapist and a client himself. By this, Roger’s could gradually infer what observations emerge that invite change to occur whilst also preserving the individual differences that get lost among the research that only looks to quantify change as a post-therapy outcome (Tudor & Worrall, 2006)