Soft power has been criticized as being ineffective by authors such as Niall Ferguson in the preface to Colossus. Neorealist and other rationalist and neorationalist authors (with the exception of Stephen Walt) dismiss soft power out of hand as they assert that actors in international relations respond to only two types of incentives: economic incentives and force. Remarks by President Obama and President Park of South Korea in a Joint Press Conference". whitehouse.gov. 7 May 2013. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017 . Retrieved May 7, 2013– via National Archives. And of course, around the world, people are being swept up by Korean culture – the Korean Wave. And as I mentioned to President Park, my daughters have taught me a pretty good Gangnam Style. The Elcano Global Presence Report scores the EU first for soft presence. [23] Soft power, then, represents the third behavioral way of getting the outcomes you want. Soft power is contrasted with hard power, which has historically been the predominant realist measure of national power, through quantitative metrics such as population size, concrete military assets, or a nation's gross domestic product. But having such resources does not always produce the desired outcomes, as the United States discovered in the Vietnam War. a b c d e f "Global Diplomacy Index – Country Rank". Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 2019-02-01 . Retrieved 2020-10-14. Islamic charitable foundations, or bonyads, have also been an important instrument of Iranian soft power. Some foundations existed prior to the 1979 revolution, including in the form of waqfs (or religious endowments). They provided humanitarian aid to the poor and other populations in need, though they also served as slush funds for some elites. 54After the 1979 revolution, there was a major increase in the scale and scope of bonyads. The supreme leader appoints the directors of the bonyads.

AIRSOFT WAR!! (AWP | Hyper Beast StatTrak CS:GO REAL LIFE AIRSOFT WAR!! (AWP | Hyper Beast StatTrak

Ian Bremmer, Every Nation for Itself. Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World (London: Portfolio, 2012). Bourke, Latik (2023-03-02). "Australia slips again in global soft power ranking". The Sydney Morning Herald.

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Beretta, Silvio (2017). Understanding China Today: An Exploration of Politics, Economics, Society, and International Relations. Springer. p.320. ISBN 9783319296258. Ayatollah Khamenei also considers the strategic importance of the Middle East region to the United States and other western powers in their soft warfare:

Soft Warfare. Soft warfare is the deliberate and Defining Soft Warfare. Soft warfare is the deliberate and

Iranian soft power is inextricably linked to the country’s revolutionary ideology and imperial legacy as a Persian power. It is deeply shaped by Ayatollah Khomeini’s interpretation of political rule within Twelver Shia Islam, the dominant sect in Iran, which he believed was the most effective way to create an ideal Islamic government. Khomeini’s concept of the Islamic revolution was not confined to Iran but included exporting the ideology abroad. 5 Khomeini’s maxim “neither East nor West but Islamic Republic” highlighted the juxtaposition of Iran’s culture with those of the East and West. Soft power in Iran is top-down and concentrated in the hands of the supreme leader and other government officials. Iranian officials have attempted to control the spread of Iranian cultural and political values throughout the Middle East and other regions, including Persian-speaking populations in Central Asia, Shia minorities in the Middle East and South Asia, and Shia and non-Shia populations in Africa, Latin America, Asia, Europe, and North America. 6 Nye popularised the term in his 1990 book, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. [2] How Japan's global image morphed from military empire to eccentric pop-culture superpower". Quartz. 2020-05-27. Archived from the original on 2021-10-21 . Retrieved 2021-12-12. In his book, Nye argues that soft power is a more difficult instrument for governments to wield than hard power for two reasons: many of its critical resources are outside the control of governments, and soft power tends to "work indirectly by shaping the environment for policy, and sometimes takes years to produce the desired outcomes." [10] [12] The book identifies three broad categories of soft power: "culture", "political values", and "policies." This visit is a celebration of the ties of friendship and family that bind our peoples. I first felt it when I was 6 years old when my mother took me to Japan. I felt it growing up in Hawaii, like communities across our country, home to so many proud Japanese Americans... Today is also a chance for Americans, especially our young people, to say thank you for all the things we love from Japan. Like karate and karaoke. Manga and anime. And, of course, emojis. [73]

Negative Views in Much of the Muslim World:Negative views of Iran have increased or remained The idea of soft war seems to be a counterargument for Joseph Nye’s theory of Soft Power. This article tries to look at the two ideas and find how they are applied in US policies towards the Middle East. The idea of soft power and its implications in foreign policy are discussed first using Nye’s and other researchers works; and further, the idea of soft war is reviewed by going through excerpts from Ayatollah Khamenei’s speeches and remarks. Nye, Joseph (8 May 2012). "China's Soft Power Deficit To catch up, its politics must unleash the many talents of its civil society". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 6 December 2014.

Soft war: the ethics of unarmed conflict | International

The elements of Italian soft culture are its art, music, fashion, design, and food. Italy was the birthplace of opera, [62] and for generations the language of opera was Italian. Popular tastes in drama in Italy have long favored comedy; the improvisational style known as the Commedia dell'arte began in Italy in the mid-16th century [63] and is still performed today. Before being exported to France and Russia, Ballet also originated in Italy. With New Bank, China Shows U.S. It's Got Soft Power". Forbes. 23 March 2015 . Retrieved 31 July 2015. How Russian President Vladimir Putin Became The Most Powerful Individual On Earth". Business Insider. 17 December 2013. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 1 July 2014. As a concept, it can be difficult to distinguish soft power from hard power. For example, Janice Bially Mattern argues that George W. Bush's use of the phrase "you are either with us or with the terrorists" was in fact an exercise of hard power. Though military and economic force was not used to pressure other states to join its coalition, a kind of force – representational force – was used. This kind of force threatens the identity of its partners, forcing them to comply or risk being labeled as evil. This being the case, soft power is therefore not so soft. [15]Tamaki, Taku (26 April 2017). "Japan has turned its culture into a powerful political tool". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 2021-11-18 . Retrieved 2021-12-12. Iran’s top-down approach and authoritarian system undermine the credibility and attractiveness of its message and have fueled corruption. The Center for Interreligious Dialogue and Civilization (CID), which engages in dialogue with religious figures and institutions inside and outside Iran. 48