Ferulic Acid: A plant-based antixoidant, ferulic acid neutralizes free radicals and enhances the antixoidant benefits of phloretin and vitamins C and E. I’ve already told you how Skinceuticals Phloretin CF compares to Skinceuticals CE Ferulic. To me, the latter is the BEST Vitamin C serum on the market (and yes, it makes me cry, it’s so expensive!), so I don’t see the need for more Vitamin C serums. Skinceuticals obviously disagrees with me as they have quite a few options available. Let’s take a look at how Skinceuticals Phloretin CF compares to them: Two: Every ingredient has the potential to be irritating for someone. Believe it or not, there are people who are allergic to plain old water. The fewer ingredients you use, the lower the chance of causing someone an irritation. Well done, Skinceuticals. Experienced retinol users generally tolerate a higher concentration. Once your skin is comfortable with Retinol 0.3, you may step up to Retinol 0.5. This concentration can also be used by first-timers with resistant skin that rarely experiences irritation. Dr. Webster’s Recommendation: SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF is an extremely popular antioxidant for daytime use as it helps to reduce and prevent dark marks on the skin. In more recent studies it has shown a 20% improvement in more even skin tone. It is important for everyone to use an antioxidant together with sunscreen during the day but even more so for people who spend a great deal of time outdoors, especially in more urban or industrial areas.

Phloretin CF works as a better choice for Normal, Oily and Combination skin types dealing with visible signs of ageing and discolouration. SkinCeuticals CE Ferulic is a better option for Normal, Dry and Sensitive skin types experiencing fine lines, wrinkles and loss of firmness, also working to brighten the skin.

Should I use Phloretin CF or C E Ferulic?

The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) experimental model is routinely used for the evaluation of therapeutic agents targeting the various components of metabolic dysfunction associated with lipids. By using Huh7 cells exposed to high doses of free fatty acids, Chhimwal et al. [ 68] have shown that phloretin encouraged autophagy-mediated hepatic lipid clearance and restored mitochondrial membrane potential and redox homeostasis. In the in vivo model of NAFLD using mice subjected to a western diet, a reduction in hepatic histological injury, hepatic lipogenesis, and enhanced fatty acid oxidation were observed in phloretin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.)-treated animals. While improving body weight, oral glucose tolerance, and antioxidant status in the liver (increased levels of SOD, CAT, and decreased lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA) status, a reduction in inflammation was evident as demonstrated by diminished levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver. Beyond the anti-inflammatory effect, phloretin restored the AMPK activity (induction of phosphorylation of AMPK) in the liver of NAFLD and fatty acids-loaded hepatocyte cell lines. The activity of PPARα and its target genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and CPT2, as well as fatty acids metabolism in the liver, was also augmented by phloretin supplementation in the diet.

Another way that ascorbic acid helps to reduce signs of aging is through collagen synthesis. Specifically, ascorbic acid serves as a cofactor for prolysyl and lysyl hydroxylase, the enzymes that are responsible for stabilizing and cross-linking the collagen molecules. Thus, SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF may be able to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles while promoting firmer, more youthful skin. Instead, you have to trust the science here. Vitamin C + Phloretin + Ferulic Acid can protect your skin from environmental damage so that it ages slowly – but it takes years to see results. The effect of phloretin on LPS-induced stimulation of macrophages could be a result of a direct effect on TLRs. Kim et al. [ 49] assessed TLR2/1 heterodimerization and signalling in RAW 264.7 cells by using a selective agonist, Pam 3CSK 4. They have shown that phloretin displays molecular interactions with TLR2/1 and modulates the TLR2 signalling pathway leading to suppressed NF-κB phosphorylation and TNF-α production. Cheon et al. [ 50] used the Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin infection model to examine the effect of phloretin on the TLR-2-mediated inflammatory signalling in human keratinocytes. By measuring secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) activity induced by either Pam 3CSK 4 or by P. acnes in HEK-Blue TM-hTLR2 cells, which are designed for studying the stimulation of TLR-2 via activation of NF-κB, they were able to confirm the signalling pathway associated with the inhibitory effect of phloretin (5–50 µM). In a similar manor, the P. acnes-stimulated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12 as well as phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HaCaT cells was inhibited by phloretin through inhibition of the TLR-2 signalling pathway. While the study by Chang et al. [ 36] (see above) demonstrated phlorizin displays weak or no effect when applied directly on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage, positive results were reported for phlorizin metabolites. When tested at low concentrations (1–5 μg/mL), phloretin 4- O-β-D-glucuronide, 6-methoxyl-phloretin-2- O-β-D-glucuronide, and phloretin-2- O-β-D-glucuronide inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression [ 51]. Their effect on cytokine expression could however vary and hence a more comprehensive in vivo analysis is needed to assess the potential of phlorizin metabolites as anti-inflammatory agents.Green: It’s effective, proven to work, and helps the product do the best possible job for your skin.